Summary of lecture notes from the Diversity of Life module (term 1). Notes include the topics Evolution and diversity of fungi. Notes are very clear and contain colourful images and diagrams.
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Diversity of Life Notes – Evolution and diversity of fungi:
Lecture 1 – Introduction to the fungi:
Fungi:
Any group of unicellular, multicellular, or multinucleate non-photosynthetic
organisms feeding on organic matter, which include moulds, yeast,
mushrooms and toadstools.
Distributed almost everywhere. In/on plants, in/on animals, salt and fresh
water, airborne spores etc.
Eukaryotic microorganisms:
Membrane-enclosed nucleus.
DNA in chromosomes.
Meiosis and mitosis.
Organelles such as mitochondria, golgi and endoplasmic reticulum.
Cytoskeleton.
Differences between fungi and plants:
Fungi are heterotrophs.
Fungi have filamentous bodies.
Fungi have unusual reproductive modes.
Fungi have cell walls made of chitin.
Fungi have nuclear mitosis.
Nutrition:
Need organic compounds as a carbon source.
Need organic compounds for energy.
Chemoheterotrophs.
Acquired by absorption.
Yeast-like growth:
Budding e.g. Saccharomyces cervisiae.
Fission e.g. Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Structure of fungi:
Most fungi structures are multicellular filaments and single cells (yeasts).
Multicellular: Network of tiny filaments called hyphae.
Hyphae consist of tubular cell walls. The cell walls are strengthened by chitin.
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