Unit 23 - Forensic Evidence, Collection and Analysis
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BTEC applied science Unit 23A Forenisc evidence, Collection, and analysis
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Unit 23 - Forensic Evidence, Collection and Analysis
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PEARSON (PEARSON)
Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma in Applied Science Understand how to gather forensic evidence, the integrity to
forensic investigation and the importance of health and safety
Unit 23 - Forensic Evidence, Collection and Analysis
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Unit 23; forensic evidence, collection, and analysis
Assignment A
Assignment title; Gathering and preserving Forensic Evidence
Content page
At the crime scene ;
.What is a crime scene?
.What is the role of structural support units (SSU)
.Role of SOCO + CSI
.Which people are not allowed to cross the restricted area and which people are
allowed?
Who, What, When, Where
Role of Authorized personnel and SSU units ; police officers, paramedics, fire and
rescue services, forensic scientists, crime scene managers, and CSI
Preservation and recovery of evidence
.How to examine, gather, and collect evidence
.Process involved in the investigation
.Prevention of contamination
.Marks and impressions
.Processes involved in investigation
.Restriction of the scene and restriction of access
.Storage and transport of variety of materials while preserving the integrity of the
evidence
.Continuity of evidence
Collection methods of evidence - taping, shaking, vacuuming, swabbing, casting
.Route of evidence
Search patterns - quadrant, spiral, wheel, grid, and lane
What happens if procedures outlined above are not followed correctly and are utilized in
court as evidence?
health and safety
Control of hazardous substances to health
Management of work health and safety protocols 1999
Health and safety work act 1974
,What is a crime scene?
A crime scene is where a crime has been committed in any physical place in which key
evidence may be left behind for forensic scientists and crime scene investigators to
collect and further examine these evidences in the lab to be able to lead to the
detection of the suspect or victim as well as see if they are effective enough to be used
in court for the prosecution team against the suspect
Structure of SOCO and CSI;
They are required to follow the correct the legislation to allow the identification of key
evidence as well as responsible for preserving the evidence by safely and accurately
labeling, packaging, and recording key evidence to allow the continuity of evidence
Structure of Structural support units;
It shows how CSI and crime scene managers are responsible for collecting DNA,
fingerprints and footwear impressions as well as taking photographs of these items of
evidence. This allows these evidences to be used as proof in court to establish that the
evidence collected were originally found at the crime scene. It also protects the integrity
of evidence as it allows each key evidence to be remembered by photographs being
taken
Restriction of the access and restriction of the scene
Permission to enter the crime scene is only handed to the authorized personnel as it
shows evidence can be contaminated or damaged from individuals who first enter the
crime scene in which they are unaware therefore the crime scene is controlled by using
crime tape, police guards dogs, as well as police vehicles to ultimately surround and
protect the scene. Protection such as bin lids and tents may be used to cover a shoe
impressions in mud or cover a body from the weather. [8]
Preservation and recovery of evidence
As SOCO and CSI are called to a crime scene a number of security and safety issues
have to be put in place. A cordon log must be set up to prevent anyone other than
authorized personnel and SSU to access a scene in which could potentially damage the
evidence. Evidence located at the crime scene must be labeled, identified, and securely
packaged to preserve the evidence and allow continuity of evidence
P2 + M2
Authorized Personnel Reason for attendance
,Paramedic staff To assess and treat the victim depending
on the victim's current condition as well
as decide whether the victim should be
transported to hospital or cared for at the
scene. The importance of paramedics in
a crime scene is to treat the victim as
quickly as possible such as reviving an
unconscious person on the scene as well
as quickly transporting the patient to
hospital where it can receive the full
health care therefore increasing the
victims chances of survival
Police officer and investigators To gather and collect information from
key eyewitnesses to get an idea of what
took place at the crime scene as well as
to arrest any culprits still in the area. This
is important as they allow for the
decrease of local fear of crime fear by
protecting people and their properties
improving the quality of life for all people
as well as reducing crime in the area
Forensic scientists Analyze key evidence left at crime scene
such as body fluid, blood, strands of hair,
Drugs, saliva, and fingerprints using
different examination techniques. The
Importance of Forensic scientists is to
gather all evidence left at the crime scene
for further testing to therefore be able to
lead to detection of the suspect as well as
being able to provide scientific evidence
in court to support the prosecutors
against the culprit as well as lower the
suspicion of an innocent individual.
[1].
, Firefighter and rescue service officers Responsible for extinguishing fire
occurring in an area. example house or
building. As well as protecting citizens in
a road traffic collision or in the building of
a fire. Fire rescue services are commonly
called to where a car crash took place.
Rescue services are therefore important
as they save more lives in the community
preventing the decrease of the population
Crime scene manager To manage, assess, gather and secure
the evidence presented using the correct
protocols by labeling packaging,and
identifying key evidence to be safely
transported to the lab allowing the
continuity of evidence. This is important
as it allows all forensic evidence collected
to be genuine to be allowed to be used in
court against the culprit resulting in the
prosecution of the culprit [2]
First attending officer Responsible for making an initial
evaluation of the crime scene to
understand what crime has been
committed by taking notes from
individuals and witnesses at the scene
and to see if emergency aid is
required.The importance of the first
attending officer at the crime scene is that
they secure all the evidence at the scene.
This therefore prevents the destruction of
key evidence to lead and catch the culprit
who committed the crime.[3]
P1 + M1 Method of collecting the type of evidence
,Procedures used to gather evidence for forensic investigations.
Observing and recording of the scene
Before the CSI or SOCO enter the crime scene a detailed risk assessment is
produced evaluating the potential hazards located in the crime scene. In which
the risk assessment is completed authorized personnel are allowed access to
enter the crime scene to collect open evidence and generate an overall survey of
the crime scene. They must protect and secure any forensic evidence to prevent
cross - contamination to therefore allow the continuity of evidence into the lab
where it can be analyzed and be effective enough to be used in court [5]
Importance of this:
Police monitoring is necessary both on and off duty. Frequently, arrests are
conducted when police are off duty. Unnoticed events and behaviors of people
are suddenly noticed by an officer who has honed his observational skills.[8]In
serious circumstances, videotaping should be taken into consideration because it
is a great tool for giving an overview of a crime scene. The arrangement of the
crime scene and the location of the evidence are shown in an understandable
manner on videotape. Although videotaping cannot completely replace still
images owing to their lower resolution, it will offer a clear viewing medium that
shows how the crime scene is laid out and where the evidence is located.[26]
Impact of incorrectly following procedure:
It could be detrimental to the investigation and perhaps damaging during a
criminal trial if the crime scene photography does not thoroughly and properly
document the entire scene.[10]Evidence that does not satisfy the burden of
proof. In a trial, if the prosecution has finished presenting its case and the judge
determines that they have not fulfilled their burden of proof, the case may be
dismissed for inadequate evidence (even before the defence has presented their
case).[49]
, Documenting and recovery of trace materials:
Collection techniques Description
Brushing Brushing allows for fibers from clothing
and hair from individuals to be brushed
off and collected with a toothbrush or
paintbrush. Brushing is important in the
collection of forensic evidence as it allows
investigators to know which clothing was
worn on the victim as well as assess if
there was a physical contact on the
clothing. It also provides information on
the background race of the individual by
brushing and collecting hair samples from
clothing narrowing down possible
individuals [4]
taping Where evidence is located strips of tapes
are applied to trace and collect the
evidence and is then peeled off and
zipped in a forensic bag for further
examination. This important as it allows
fingerprints and hair from different
surfaces to be recovered for further
analysis.[6]
Shaking Shaking evidence over a piece of
paper to recover possible paint
fragments and broken glass, as well
as hair and fibers.Broken glass can be
used to retrace an incident's timeline.
Using the pattern and distribution of
the broken glass, forensic experts can
identify the point of impact, the force's
direction, and the kind of tool that was
used to break the glass. This data can
help reconstruct the events that took
place, bolstering or undermining
witness accounts or dubious
assertions.[5]
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