CBIS Test Quiz Exam GRADED A+ MOD 008
Questions & Answers 2023/2024 VERIFIED
lost productivity correct answers one measure of the cost to society due to injury or disease; includes
the loss of wages a person would have earned if they had not become unemployable due to disability,
loss of taxes contributing to economy, costs to the government of supporting the individual, etc.; lost
productivity costs DO NOT include cost of treatment and support post-injury or illness
acquired brain injury (ABI) correct answers An injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital,
degenerative, or induced by birth trauma
traumatic brain injury (TBI) correct answers an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain
pathology, caused by an external force
traumatic impact correct answers injuries resulting from contact (when head is struck by or against an
object)
traumatic intertial injuries correct answers injury to the brain not caused by impact but as a result of
inertial forces, such as acceleration-deceleration forces
closed injuries correct answers injury to the brain resulting in brain lacerations, contusions or
intracerebral hemorrhage
open injuries correct answers injury to the head in which there is a breach of the skull or a breach of the
meninges
penetrating brain injury correct answers any injury that involves the penetration of a foreign object,
munitions, fragment, bone chip, etc. through the dura mater
non-traumatic brain injury correct answers damage to the brain caused by internal factors, such as
oxygen or nutrient deprivation to brain cells, exposure to toxins, pressure from a tumor or blockage, or
other neurological disorder
coup-contrecoup injury correct answers Coup injury: head injury that results from impact of a moving
object--occurs at the site of impact
,Contrecoup effect: impact injury resulting from the moving head striking a stationary object--injury
occurs at the side of the head opposite the point of impact
primary injury correct answers initial cause of damage to the brain, from which injury severity ratings are
obtained
secondary injury correct answers pathophysiological events that occur following the initial primary injury
to the brain
loss of consciousness (LOC) correct answers temporary altered state, unlike sleep, when a person is
unresponsive to stimuli; usually due to trauma, stroke, or other injury
risk factors for brain injury correct answers injury severity
age at injury
alcohol misuse
domestic violence
service in the military
participation in sports
history of prior brain injury
chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) correct answers a condition, diagnosed after death, relative to
multiple concussions caused by significant force. A progressive degenerative disease, CTE is most often
sustained by athletes participating in contact sports; may also be observed in domestic violence victims
or abused children who have sustained numerous blows to the head
neurogenic bladder correct answers a secondary condition caused when a TBI affects the cerebral
structures controlling bladder storage and emptying functions
spasticity correct answers involuntary, abnormal motor patterns; may interfere with a person's general
functioning, self-care, and mobility
activities of daily living (ADLs) correct answers dressing, eating, showering, toileting, walking
post-traumatic immune paralysis correct answers acute period after sustaining significant bodily trauma,
when the immune response is significantly impaired; frequently associated with the high prevalence of
potentially life-threatening infections post-injury
computed tomography (CT) correct answers a cross-sectional series of X-rays used to view body organs,
allowing medical professionals to view the scans in multiple individual layers; some scans can be
reconstructed into a 3D image
, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correct answers a technique that uses a magnetic field and radio
waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues within the body
diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) correct answers an MRI method that maps the diffusion of molecules,
primarily water, in a person's body non-invasively
acceleration-deceleration forces correct answers sudden impact following a high velocity of speed,
frequently resulting in brain injury
intracranial pressure (ICP) correct answers Pressure inside the skull from the brain and CSF. Pressure may
vary due to production and absorption of CSF following injury.
subdural hematoma (SDH) correct answers bleeding into the space between the dura mater and the
arachnoid layers of the meninges
hydrocephalus correct answers Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the
brain
diffuse axonal injury (DAI) correct answers brain injury occurring when the white matter tracts are
stretched and broken, resulting in extensive, widespread damage
hypoxia/anoxia correct answers decrease in/absence of oxygen getting to the brain; results in cell death
major descending nerve tracts correct answers -anterior corticospinal tract
-lateral corticospinal tract
-rubrospinal tract
-tectospinal tract
major ascending nerve tracts correct answers -fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis
-Lissauer's tract
-anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts
-spinothalamic tracts
-spinoreticular tract
-spinotectal tract
neuroprotection correct answers preservation of neuronal functioning and structure; reducing the rate
of neuronal loss over time; refers to the ability of a drug or biological agent to prevent brain cells from
dying
