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Osmosis summary notes
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A brief summary of active transport and methods of diffusion.
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Osmosis Summary NotesUniversity of Sunderland.
Definition of Terms;
Solute; This is a substance that can be dissolved in a liquid, e.g, salt to water. It is mostly
made of solid particles.
Solvent; This is the liquid which dissolves the solute, e.g, Water.
Solution; This is the combination of a solute and a solvent and is what is formed once a
solute dissolves in a solvent. A solution can have circumstances when the solvents are more
than the solutes, or the solutes are more than the solvents. These are referred to as
concentrations.
Diffusion; This is the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a
region of lower concentration over time. For example, in an enclosed classroom, a bottle of
ammonia could be opened on one side, and the odour would be perceived on that side for a
period of time. This is because the gaseous particles coming from the opened bottle of
ammonia are only present in that area for a period of time, and will only take a few seconds
more to spread across the whole area.
The rate of diffusion can be affected by the following factors:
Concentration gradient,
Temperature,
Pressure,
Membrane Permeability.
Diffusion can happen in other mediums such as liquids. But in this case, it is referred to as
osmosis.
Osmosis: This is the process by which molecules of a solvent move through a semi
permeable membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher education.
This is done till the molecules are evenly spread, so as to maintain a balanced solution.
What is a semi permeable membrane;
semipermeable membrane, also termed a selectively permeable membrane, a partially
permeable membrane or a differentially permeable membrane, is a membrane that will allow
certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion.
Concentration:
As earlier mentioned, concentration is defined as the abundance of a solute in ratio to the
solvent, Simplified.
Concentration is measured by the abundance of salts in a solution. A solution is highly
concentrated if the salt to solvent ratio is high, and is otherwise referred to as a hypertonic
solution.
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