Summary
Summary Research Q7 - Screening as early diagnostics
- Course
- Institution
Samenvatting Research Q7 module Screening as early diagnostics
[Show more]
2 reviews
By: wouterh1 • 2 year ago
By: irenewouters • 3 year ago
Seller
Follow
ahuib
Reviews received
Content preview
Summary Research Q7 – Screening as early diagnosticsWhat is colorectal cancer
What is colorectal cancer? Multiple levels:
- Origin (cells)
- Biological background (precursors, mechanisms and molecules)
- Diagnostic procedure (presence and stage, when do you call something colorectal cancer)
- Treatment options
- Outcomes
Adenocarcinoma risk factors:
- Hereditary cancer syndromes (check precursors and molecules)
- Chronic inflammation (IBD, crohn > damage)
- Ageing > risk factor for all kinds of cancer
Inflammation and ageing: CRC
- Changing of the microenvironment
o Cytokine networks/bioactive molecules
o Cell recruitment and decreased anti-tumor response
- Reactive oxygen and nitrogen
o DNA damage
o Activation of oncogenes
o Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes
o Structural damage
- CpG island methylation
- Telomere shortening
Hallmarks of cancer:
- Resist cell death / telomere
- Sustain proliferative signalling
- Evade growth suppressors
- Induction of angiogenesis (easier in environment with lot of inflammation)
- Activate invasion and metastasis
- Enable replicative immortality
Emerging hallmarks:
- Avoiding immune distruction
- Deregulating cellular energetics
Enabling characteristics:
- Tumor-promoting inflammation
- Genome instability and mutation
Cancer development: histology
Normal mucosa > bump (hyperplastic epithelium) > polyp formation > darker > instability > cancer
Normal mucosa is always of the same thickness
, Histology picture > darker > more cells > mutations
Cancer = invasion of tumor cells outside their original compartment > through muscularis mucosa
Hyperplasia: reaction on damage or inflammation > difficult in the bowel because every cell has his
own place with function on the basal membrane > starshaped lumen // premalignant sign
Dysplasia: loose majority of gobletcells, increase in size but also in number of nuclei (darker) + loose
contact with membrane, large variation, you can’t recognize the crypts
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ahuib. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.21. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
50064 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now