SCCJA Pre-Academy Block 4-Basic Collision Reporting, Uniform Traffic Ticket, Basic Collision Investigation, Vehicle Tactics, Mind Armor Correct 100%

56-5-1520 General Rules as to maximum speeds; lower speeds may be required - Answer A person shall not drive a vehicle on a highway at a speed greater than is reasonable and prudent under the conditions and having regard to the actual and potential hazards then existing. Speed must be so controlled to avoid colliding with a person, vehicle, or other conveyance on or entering the highway in compliance with legal requirements and the duty of a person to use care. Top 5 Reasons for Collisions - Answer Too Fast for Conditions-typically rear impact collisions Following too Closely-typically rear impact collisions Fail to Yield the Right of Way-typically angular impact collisions Disregarding Traffic Sign or Signal-typically side impact collisions Improper Lane Use/Change-typically side swipe collisions 56-5-1930 Following Too Closely - Answer The driver of a motor vehicle shall not follow another vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent, having due regard for the speed of such vehicles and the traffic upon and the condition of the highway. 56-5-2320, Vehicles Turning Left - Answer The driver of a vehicle intending to turn to the left within an intersection or into an alley, private road or driveway shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction which is within the intersection or so close thereto as to constitute an immediate hazard. 56-5-2310 Vehicles Approaching or Entering an Intersection - Answer (a) When two vehicles approach or enter an intersection from different highways at approximately the same time, the driver of the vehicle on the left shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle on the right. (b) The right-of-way rule in subsection (a) is modified at through highways and as otherwise provided in this chapter. 56-5-2330 Stop signs and yield signs - Answer (a) Preferential right-of-way may be indicated by stop signs or yield signs as authorized by the Department of Transportation or local authorities. (b) Except when directed to proceed by a police officer, every driver of a vehicle approaching a stop sign shall stop at a clearly marked stop line but, if none, before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection or, if none, then at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway before entering it. After having stopped, the driver shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle in the intersection or approaching on another roadway so closely as to constitute an immediate hazard during the time when such driver is moving across or within the intersection or junction of roadways. (c) The driver of a vehicle approaching a yield sign shall in obedience to such sign slow down to a speed reasonable for the existing conditions and, if required for safety to stop, shall stop at a clearly marked stop line but, if none, before entering the cross-walk on the near side of the intersection or, if none, then at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting road before entering it. After slowing or stopping, the driver shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle in the intersection or approaching on another roadway so closely as to constitute an immediate hazard during the time the driver is moving across or within the intersection or junction of roadways. If such driver is involved in a collision with a vehicle in the intersection or junction of roadways, after driving past a yield sign without stopping, the collision shall be deemed prima facie evidence of his failure to yield right-of-way. 56-5-2350 vehicle entering the roadway - Answer The driver of a vehicle about to enter or cross a roadway from any place other than another roadway shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles approaching on the roadway to be entered or crossed. 56-5-2360, Approach of Emergency Vehicles - Answer Upon approach of an authorized emergency vehicle, every other vehicle shall yield the right of way and drive to a position parallel to and as close to as possible to the right hand edge of curb of the roadway clear of any intersection and shall stop and remain in that position until they have passed. 56-5-2370 highway construction and maintenance - Answer (a) The driver of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to any authorized vehicle or pedestrian actually engaged in work upon a highway within any highway traffic construction or maintenance area indicated by official traffic-control devices. (b) The driver of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to any authorized vehicle obviously and actually engaged in work upon a highway whenever such vehicle displays flashing lights meeting the requirements of Section 56-5-4650. 56-5-2740 place where drivers shall stop for stop signs - Answer Every driver of a vehicle approaching a stop sign shall stop before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection or, in the event there is no crosswalk, shall stop at a clearly marked stop line but, if none, then at the point nearest the intersecting highway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting highway before entering the intersection except when directed to proceed by a police officer or traffic-control signal. 56-5-1900 driving on roadways laned for traffic - Answer Whenever any roadway has been divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for traffic the following rules in addition to all others consistent herewith shall apply: (a) A vehicle shall be driven as nearly as practicable entirely within a single lane and shall not be moved from the lane until the driver has first ascertained that such movement can be made with safety. (b) Upon a roadway which is divided into three lanes and provides for two-way movement of traffic, a vehicle shall not be driven in the center lane except when overtaking and passing another vehicle traveling in the same direction when the center lane is clear of traffic within a safe distance or in preparation for making a left turn or where the center lane is at the time allocated exclusively to traffic moving in the same direction that the vehicle is proceeding and such allocation is designated by official traffic-control devices. (c) Official traffic-control devices may be erected directing specified traffic to use a designated lane or designating those lanes to be used by traffic moving in a particular direction regardless of the center of the roadway and drivers of vehicles shall obey the directions of every such device. (d) Official traffic-control devices may be installed prohibiting the changing of lanes on sections of roadway and drivers of vehicles shall obey the directions of such devices. 56-5-1210 duties of driver involved in accident resulting in death or person injury - Answer (A) The driver of a vehicle involved in an accident resulting in injury to or the death of a person immediately shall stop the vehicle at the scene of the accident or as close to it as possible. He then shall return to and in every event shall remain at the scene of the accident until he has fulfilled the requirements of Section 56-5-1230. However, he may temporarily leave the scene to report the accident to the proper authorities. The stop must be made without obstructing traffic more than is necessary. A person who fails to stop or to comply with the requirements of this section is guilty of: (1) a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, must be imprisoned not less than thirty days nor more than one year or fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five thousand dollars, or both, when injury results but great bodily injury or death does not result; (2) a felony and, upon conviction, must be imprisoned not less than thirty days nor more than ten years and fined not less than five thousand dollars nor more than ten thousand dollars when great bodily injury results; or (3) a felony and, upon conviction, must be imprisoned not less than one year nor more than twenty-five years and fined not less than ten thousand dollars nor more than twenty-five thousand dollars when death results. (B) Law enforcement officers or authorized employees of the Department of Transportation may move or have removed from the traveled way all disabled vehicles and vehicles involved in an accident and any debris caused by motor vehicle traffic collisions where it can be accomplished safely and may result in the improved safety or traffic flow upon the road; however, where a vehicle has been involved in an accident resulting in great bodily injury or death to a person, the vehicle shall not be moved until it is authorized by the investigating law enforcement officer. The State, its political subdivisions, and its officers and employees are not liable for any damages to vehicles that result from the removal unless the removal was carried out in a reckless or grossly negligent manner. The vehicle owner and any driver, or the owner's, driver's, or the at-fault party's insurance company, of a vehicle removed under this subsection, or the owner's, driver's, or the at-fault party's insurance company, shall bear all reasonable costs of removal. department - Answer means the Department of Motor Vehicles when the term refers to the duties, functions, and responsibilities of the former Motor Vehicle Division of the Department of Public Safety and means the Department of Public Safety otherwise and in Section 56-3-840. TR-310 - Answer SCDMV accident report form great bodily injury - Answer means bodily injury which creates a substantial risk of death or which causes serious, permanent disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of the function of a bodily member or organ. 56-5-1220 duties of driver involved in accident resulting in damage to attended vehicles - Answer (A) The driver of a vehicle involved in an accident resulting only in damage to a vehicle which is driven or attended by a person immediately shall stop the vehicle at the scene of the accident or as close to it as possible, but shall return to and in every event shall remain at the scene of the accident until he has fulfilled the requirements of Section 56-5-1230. However, he may temporarily leave the scene to report the accident to the proper authorities. A person who fails to stop or comply with the requirements of this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, must be imprisoned not more than one year or fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five thousand dollars, or both. (B) If a disabled vehicle or a vehicle involved in an accident resulting only in damage to a vehicle is obstructing traffic, the driver of the vehicle shall make every reasonable effort to move any vehicle that is capable of being driven safely off the roadway as defined by Section 56-5-460 so as not to block the flow of traffic. The driver or any other person who has moved a motor vehicle to facilitate the flow of traffic as provided in this subsection before the arrival of a law enforcement officer shall not be considered liable or at fault regarding the cause of the accident solely by reason of moving the vehicle pursuant to this section. (C) State and local authorities may erect signs along highways and streets that instruct the public that the driver of a disabled vehicle or a vehicle involved in an accident resulting only in damage to vehicles shall make every reasonable effort to move any vehicle that is capable of being driven off the roadway. 56-5-1230 duty to give information and render aid - Answer The driver of any vehicle involved in an accident resulting in injury to or death of any person or damage to any vehicle which is driven or attended by any person shall give his name, address and the registration number of the vehicle he is driving and shall upon request and if available exhibit his driver's license to the person struck or the driver or occupant of or person attending any vehicle collided with and shall render to any person injured in such accident reasonable assistance, including the carrying or making arrangements for the carrying of such person to a physician, surgeon or hospital for medical or surgical treatment if it is apparent that such treatment is necessary or if such carrying is requested by the injured person. 56-5-1240 duties of driver involved in accident involving unattended vehicle - Answer The driver of any vehicle which collides with any vehicle which is unattended shall immediately stop and shall then and there either locate and notify the operator or owner of such vehicle of the name and address of the driver and owner of the vehicle striking the unattended vehicle or shall leave in a conspicuous place in the vehicle struck a written notice giving the name and address of the driver and of the owner of the vehicle doing the striking and a statement of the circumstances thereof. 56-5-1250 duties of driver striking fixtures upon or adjacent to highway - Answer The driver of any vehicle involved in an accident resulting only in damage to fixtures legally upon or adjacent to a highway shall take reasonable steps to locate and notify the owner or person in charge of such property of such fact and of his name and address and of the registration number of the vehicle he is driving and shall upon request and if available exhibit his driver's license and shall make report of such accident when and as required in Section 56-5-1270. 56-5-1260 immediate report of accidents resulting in personal injury or death - Answer The driver of a vehicle involved in an accident resulting in injury to or death of any person shall immediately by the quickest means of communication, whether oral or written, give notice of such accident to the local police department if such accident occurs within a municipality, otherwise to the office of the county sheriff or the nearest office of the South Carolina Highway Patrol. 56-5-1270 operators, owners, and law enforcement officers shall make written reports of certain accidents and investigations - Answer The operator or owner of a motor vehicle involved in an accident resulting in injury to or death of any person or total property damage to an apparent extent of one thousand dollars or more which was not investigated by a law enforcement officer, within fifteen days after the accident, shall forward a written report and verification of liability insurance coverage of the accident to the Department of Motor Vehicles, the proof and report to be in a manner prescribed by the Department of Motor Vehicles and the Department of Public Safety. The completed and verified form must be returned by the operator or owner to the Department of Motor Vehicles within fifteen days from the accident date. Failure to forward the accident report verified in the proper manner in respect to liability insurance coverage for the operation of the vehicle involved in the accident is prima facie evidence that the vehicle was uninsured. Every law enforcement officer who, in the regular course of duty, investigates a motor vehicle accident that results in injury to or death of any person or total property damage to an apparent extent of one thousand dollars or more either at the time of and at the scene of the accident or after the accident by interviewing participants or witnesses, within twenty-four hours after completing the investigation, must forward a written report of the accident to the Department of Motor Vehicles including the names of interviewed participants and witnesses. If a two-wheeled motorized vehicle is involved in the accident and the operator or a passenger of the vehicle suffers a head injury, the injury must be indicated on the report. 56-5-1275 requests for accident investigation reports; dissemination of reports - Answer With respect to a motor vehicle accident, no employee of any law enforcement agency shall allow any person to examine or obtain a copy of any accident report or related investigative report when the employee knows or should reasonably know that the request for access to the report is for commercial solicitation purposes. No person shall request any law enforcement agency to permit examination or to furnish a copy of any such report for commercial solicitation purposes. All persons, except law enforcement personnel and persons named in the report, shall be required to submit a separate written request to the law enforcement agency for each report. A written request under this section must state the requestor's name, address, and the intended use of the report in sufficient detail that the law enforcement agency may ascertain that the intended use is not for commercial solicitation purposes. A person who knowingly makes any false statement in any written request under this section shall be subject to the provisions of Section 56-3-2520. 56-5-1280 in case driver shall be unable to report, other occupant or owner shall report - Answer Whenever the driver of a vehicle is physically incapable of making an immediate or a written report of an accident as required in Section 56-5-1260 and there was another occupant in the vehicle at the time of the accident capable of making a report, such occupant shall make or cause to be made such report not made by the driver. Whenever the driver is so physically incapable of making a written report as required in Section 56-5-1270 and such driver is not the owner of the vehicle, then the owner of the vehicle involved in such accident shall within five days after learning of the accident make such report not made by the driver. 56-5-1290 evidentiary use of reports - Answer None of the reports required by Sections 56-5-1260 to 56-5-1280 may be evidence of the negligence or due care of either party at the trial of any action at law to recover damages. However, law enforcement officers may refer to these reports when testifying in order to refresh their recollection of events. South Carolina Attorney General's Opinion Concerning Accidents on Private Property - Answer -a motorist is required to submit a written report to the SCDPS of an accident that occurs on private property -There is nothing to prevent a law enforcement officer from entering private property in order to investigate the probability of a violation of the law, especially when the area to be entered is an open area, such as a road or parking lot to which the public is invited. When a motor vehicle accident has occurred on such an area, traffic police are empowered to conduct routine investigations and to prefer charges when there is valid evidence to support charges. accident - Answer an occurrence in a sequence of events which usually produces UNINTENDED injury, death or property damage. motor vehicle collision - Answer Any event that results in injury, death or property damage attributed directly or indirectly to the motion of a motor vehicle or its load. Does not include harmful events directly related to a cataclysm such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes and tornado deliberate intent - Answer This classification is given to the cause of an event that occurs when a person acts deliberately to cause the event or deliberately refrains from prudent acts that would prevent the occurrence of the event; does not include injury or damage beyond that which was intended accident investigation - Answer the thorough examination of all elements contributing to the accident, resulting in a well-founded explanation of the series of events which occurred based upon the factual data objectives of an accident investigation - Answer a. Who was involved? b. What happened? c. Where the collision occurred? d. Why the collision occurred? e. When the collision occurred? traffic enforcement programs - Answer including prosecution in court, selective enforcement programs and driver licensing traffic engineering programs - Answer including public information, legislation and research to build better roads, cars, and provide better signage traffic education programs - Answer including public support, financial responsibility and public information to keep the collision from getting any worse - Answer The primary responsibility of the investigator at the scene is- at-scene investigator - Answer most important person at the scene of a collision accident investigator qualities - Answer -able to take control of the situation -able to distinguish between facts and opinions -able to recognize the importance of their job -has a good basic working knowledge of traffic law -has a good basic understanding of collisions and their causes -is courteous What to do when proceeding to the scene of an accident - Answer 1. Proceed quickly but safely! The collision has already occurred and you cannot help if you do not arrive safely. 2. Do not depend on other vehicles yielding to emergency equipment. 3. Consider the urgency of the call (severity, location, etc.). 4. Choose the best approach considering time, possible traffic problems, possible routes of drivers involved, and probable situation at the scene of the collision. 5. Be alert for the possibility of hit-and-run drivers and vehicles leaving the scene. Look for damaged or suspicious vehicles and note a description and record tag numbers for possible follow-up. 6. When possible and/or necessary, place warning devices on the approach to the collision (e.g., signs, cones, or other warning devices). what to do when arriving at the scene of an accident - Answer -Park in a manner that will maximize visibility and protect the scene, including persons and property -Look for fire or electrical hazards. -Evacuate persons from dangerous and/or life threatening situations. -Check the general area for drivers and possible witnesses -Check for injuries, render first aid and contact EMS -Request additional resources as needed Reasons for Traffic and Crowd Control - Answer a. Valuable evidence may be destroyed by traffic. b. Bystanders may destroy physical evidence, loot from damaged vehicles, or complicate the injuries of victims by well-meaning but ineffective rescue and first aid attempts. c. A single investigator must set priorities and carry these out. When two officers are present, one should establish traffic control responsibilities. d. Blocked roadways may require rerouting traffic. Consider what route will allow traffic to get around the scene. Can the route handle the volume? Are the routes adequately marked so motorists won't get lost? e. Pedestrian traffic control - Pedestrian protection is a good approach to use in getting their cooperation. Courtesy and a positive yet commanding approach are often best. Elements of an On Scene Collision Investigation - Answer -set up an investigative plan a. Guard against snap judgments and maintain an open mind. b. Be flexible enough to re-evaluate the facts as the investigation progresses. Never form a conclusion regarding the cause and circumstances of a collision until all the facts have been properly evaluated. c. Be aware of the fact that some collisions are staged with the intent of defrauding an insurance company or to cover up evidence of a crime. d. Keep in mind that the collision may have actually been a homicide or suicide; it is not a collision until your investigation proves that it was not an intentional act. -scene protection and examination for evidence-Protect the scene to ensure that all short lived or sensitive evidence is not removed, lost, stolen, destroyed or altered. Locate, collect and/or preserve short-lived evidence first. -scene examination Examine and evaluate all three components of the collision; the driver, the vehicle and the roadway. The severity and complexity of each collision will determine the extent to which you examine these components. Obviously you would not need to spend as much time investigating a minor fender bender with no injuries as you would a major collision with extreme damage and severe injuries or death. a. Conduct a complete examination of the vehicles and the immediate collision area. Minor collision examinations can usually be completed by simply walking around the vehicle and observing visible damage. More serious collisions may require much more detailed examinations possibly away from the scene. b. Observe the approaches to the collision area for all drivers and witnesses involved. Look for possible glare, vision obstructions, or potential road engineering issues that may have contributed to the collision. c. Take field notes and prepare a field sketch to record all findings for serious collisions. d. Photograph and/or record the scene as necessary to record pertinent data for more serious collisions. These photos and videos can be very helpful in court and as memory aides. e. Collect and preserve all evidence. -drivers, victims, and witnesses-Locate and interview drivers, victims and witnesses as soon as possible; make them feel at ease; be respectful, professional, specific, and do not argue with drivers or witnesses; written statements are useful but simply using your dash camera and/or body camera to record their verbal statements can also be useful during your investigation; while conducting this interview the investigator should also be assessing the drivers for signs of fatigue, intoxication, distracted driving, or reckless behavior which could have contributed to the collision. a. Secure the driver's license, registration and insurance information and retain them until the on scene investigation is completed. Confirm all information on these documents is up to date and current. Observe each driver for indications of intoxication, injury, or extreme tiredness. b. Question the drivers separately at first, allowing them to tell their story without interruption as much as possible. Clarify any contradictions that may arise. closed questions - Answer questions that only require the witness to give a yes or no response; will limit the amount of information an investigator can gain from the witness open ended questions - Answer questions that allow the witness to provide more information other than a yes or no answer; usually will start with a What, Who, When, How, Tell me about etc. leading questions - Answer should never be asked by investigators; suggests an answer to the witness after the investigator assumes a fact about the case possible deception indicators - Answer a. Change in speech rate, clarity, volume, and pitch b. Develops a stutter or stammer when questioned c. Clears throat, stalls, or hesitates before answering d. Laughs at inappropriate times e. Asks to repeat the question f. Rephrases the question before answering g. Gives an unusually vague response h. Gives a justification after giving initial response i. Develops an unusually good or poor memory hit and run collision - Answer a collision where the driver does not meet his/her legal requirements regarding stopping, giving aid, and/or revealing his/her identity following the collision; often presents a considerable challenge to the investigator in driver and vehicle identification; most are solved when the vehicle is located information to obtain about a possible hit and run vehicle - Answer a. License plate number and state, partial plate numbers and colors of plate; if this is an out of state plate, have patrol units check possible routes of travel. b. Include the make, year, model, type and color of the vehicle. c. Obtain direction of travel before and after the collision. d. Amount, type and location of damage on the suspect vehicle. e. All other identifying features on the vehicle (i.e., lights, tires, ornaments, etc.). f. New or faded paint; two-toned; multi-colored; clean or dirty car. g. Tinted windows or decals. h. Loud mufflers, side pipes, stacks, noisy or hanging body parts.