Ethische En Rechtsfilosofische Stromingen (B001312)
Summary
Samenvatting BOEK ethische en rechtsfilosofische stromingen
10 views 0 purchase
Course
Ethische En Rechtsfilosofische Stromingen (B001312)
Institution
Universiteit Gent (UGent)
Geslaagd in eerste zit, volledige samenvatting van het boek.
Slechts 1 hoofdstuk minder uitgebreid verwerkt, maar was voldoende om te slagen. Het boek zelf kan verduidelijken waar nodig in dat hoofdstuk.
Ethische En Rechtsfilosofische Stromingen (B001312)
All documents for this subject (18)
Seller
Follow
FBM
Reviews received
Content preview
Ethische en Rechtsfilosofische
stromingen
Academiejaar
2022-2023
,Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1. De klassieke rechtvaardigingstoets ...................................................................................................... 4
1.1. Normatieve problemen: enkele schijnbare oplossingen ............................................................................ 4
A. Geloof… ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
B. Emoties… .................................................................................................................................................... 4
C. Feitelijke toestand… ................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2. Normatieve problemen: de rationele benadering ....................................................................................... 5
A. Bentham: de morele calculus - UTILITARISME ........................................................................................... 5
B. Kant: de morele plicht - DEONTOLOGISME................................................................................................. 6
1.3. De klassieke rechtvaardigingstoets ............................................................................................................ 8
Hoofdstuk 2. Waardigheid.......................................................................................................................................... 9
2.1. Inleiding ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2. Het belang van menselijke waardigheid ..................................................................................................... 9
2.3. Vier betekenisvelden (McCrudden) ............................................................................................................ 9
A. Verbod op onmenselijke behandeling ........................................................................................................ 9
B. Recht op menswaardig bestaan ................................................................................................................. 9
C. Recht op zelfbeschikking .......................................................................................................................... 10
D. Verbod op discriminatie ............................................................................................................................ 10
2.4. Dehumanisering........................................................................................................................................ 10
A. Animale en machinale dehumanisering ................................................................................................... 10
B. Is animale dehumanisering erger dan machinale ..................................................................................... 11
C. Handhaving van de grens tussen mens en dier ........................................................................................ 11
D. Twee theorieën over de grens tussen mens en dier.................................................................................. 11
E. De toekomst ............................................................................................................................................. 12
Hoofdstuk 3. Het vrijheids- of autonomiebeginsel ................................................................................................... 13
3.1. De schaduwzijden van vrijheid ................................................................................................................. 13
A. Beladen begrip… ....................................................................................................................................... 13
B. De voorondersteling van vrijheid (Feinberg) ............................................................................................. 13
3.2. Drie soorten vrijheden .............................................................................................................................. 13
A. Zelfbepaling – negatieve vrijheid ................................................................................................................. 13
B. Zelfbeschikking – conditionele vrijheid / zelfdeterminatie ............................................................................ 14
C. Zelfrealisatie – positieve vrijheid / normatief ............................................................................................... 14
3.3. Vrijheid van privéleven (privacy) ............................................................................................................... 15
A. Van “vrijheid” naar “privacy” ................................................................................................................... 15
B. Schadebeginsel en paternalisme ............................................................................................................. 16
3.4. Het recht op vrije meningsuiting ............................................................................................................... 17
3.5. Vrijheid van opvoeden .............................................................................................................................. 18
A. Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................... 18
B. Drie beginselen ......................................................................................................................................... 18
C. Toepassing ................................................................................................................................................ 19
3.6. Vrijheid van cultuur en godsdienst ........................................................................................................... 20
1
, A. Multiculturele controverses ..................................................................................................................... 20
B. Drie beginselen ......................................................................................................................................... 20
C. Toepassing ................................................................................................................................................ 23
Hoofdstuk 4. Het gelijkheidsbeginsel ...................................................................................................................... 24
4.1. Gelijkheid: een allemansvriend ................................................................................................................ 24
4.2. De formele gelijkheid ................................................................................................................................ 24
A. Aristoteles ................................................................................................................................................ 24
B. Aristocratie ............................................................................................................................................... 24
4.3. Rechtengelijkheid ..................................................................................................................................... 25
A. Hobbes ..................................................................................................................................................... 25
B. Locke ........................................................................................................................................................ 25
C. Rousseau .................................................................................................................................................. 25
D. Diderot en d’Alambert .............................................................................................................................. 26
E. Lafitau en Voltaire..................................................................................................................................... 26
F. Klassiek Liberalisme en EU ...................................................................................................................... 26
4.4. Kansengelijkheid (na WOII)....................................................................................................................... 27
A. Keuzecriterium (Hirst) .............................................................................................................................. 27
B. Ethisch kader (White) ............................................................................................................................... 28
C. Juridisch kader (antidiscriminatiewetten) ................................................................................................ 28
4.5. Compenserende kansengelijkheid ........................................................................................................... 29
A. Meritocratische ideaal .............................................................................................................................. 29
B. Substantiële vorm van gelijkheid .............................................................................................................. 29
4.6. Bronnengelijkheid ..................................................................................................................................... 30
A. John Rawls, Ronald Dworkin ..................................................................................................................... 30
B. Onderscheid tussen 3 basisideeën…........................................................................................................ 30
4.7. Welvaartsgelijkheid .................................................................................................................................. 31
A. Van utopische droom tot dictatuur van het proletariaat ........................................................................... 31
B. Vormen van welvaartsgelijkheid ............................................................................................................... 32
Hoofdstuk 5: Liberalistische kritiek op egalitaire sociaaldemocratie ...................................................................... 34
5.1. Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................... 34
5.2. Robert Nozick ........................................................................................................................................... 34
5.3. Friedrich Hayek ......................................................................................................................................... 35
5.4. Libertaristisch alternatief voor zelfgenoegzaam links? ............................................................................ 36
Hoofdstuk 6. Het legitimiteitsbeginsel (meer verduidelijking in boek) ........................................................................ 37
Hoofdstuk 7. Het recht om te straffen ..................................................................................................................... 38
7.1. Straffen als rechtsfilosofisch probleem ................................................................................................... 38
7.2. De utilitaristische rechtvaardiging (Bentham, Beccaria) .......................................................................... 39
A. Het utilitarisme hangt af van empirische toetsing .................................................................................... 39
B. Het utilitarisme botst met onze intuïtie .................................................................................................... 39
7.3. De retributivistische rechtvaardiging (Kant) ............................................................................................ 39
A. Het dwangprobleem ................................................................................................................................. 39
B. Het vrijewilprobleem ................................................................................................................................ 40
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller FBM. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.07. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
