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CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

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Lecture notes of 54 pages for the course Clinical pathology at UoL (clinical immunology)

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  • April 26, 2017
  • 54
  • 2016/2017
  • Class notes
  • Unknown
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By: amaanarif01 • 3 year ago

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CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

L1: INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNE SYSTEM

Immune response:
- Infection triggers inflammatory response- 1st step in initiation of immune
response.
- Process designed to contain injury, neutralize pathogen and heal damaged
tissue.
- Cellular components (i.e. neutrophils, mast cells etc) move to site of infection.
- Phagocytosis of pathogen
- Attempted destruction of pathogen
- Creation of debris.

Effector Mechanism:
After pathogen has gained entry into host and has been recognized, there are 3 ways
of getting rid of pathogen.

1) Neutralisation:
- Binding to pathogen
- Requires recognition of pathogen- specific structures- esp in areas that
pathogen use to gain entry to host.
2) Expulsion:
- Mechanical process- sneezing, cough, vomiting et
- Body gets rid of a neutralized pathogen.

3) Destruction:
- if (1) and (2) can’t be done Innate components:
- Chemical, toxic -Primitive 1st line of defense
- Enzymatic  Substances toxic/inhibitory to organisms
-Triggering Apoptosis. - Enzymes e.g. lysozyme in tears
- C-reactive protein (CRP)
Organisation of Immune response:  Cellular component:
Most primitive components: - Neutrophils, Basophils, Mast Cells
Physical Barriers: - Natural Killer Cells
- Skin, wax in ears - Monocytes, Macrophages
- Sphincters-prevent access to  Protein Component:
mucosal surface - Complement system
- Cilia- e.g. in airway
- Peristaltic movement

Chemical Barriers:
- Mucus- sticky to trap pathogens

Environmental Barriers:
- pH- toxic/limiting to pathogen

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