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Summary PBL2000W comprehensive lecture, reading and case notes

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This summary contains notes on the lectures, notes on important cases, a case list and a summary of all the semester 1 sections. These notes helped me achieve a distinction on the June exam.

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  • July 27, 2023
  • 58
  • 2022/2023
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Constitutional Law comprehensive notes including
lectures, cases, textbook + potential questions
(PBL2000W)

Alphabetical list of cases
1. Albutt v Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation 2010 (5) BCLR 391
(CC).
2. Corruption Watch (RF) NPC and Another v President of the Republic of South Africa
and Others; Council for the Advancement of the South African Constitution v
President of the Republic of South Africa and Others 2018 (1) SACR 317 (GP).
3. Democratic Alliance v Minister of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs
and Others (22311/2020) [2021] ZAGPPHC 168 (24 March 2021)
4. Democratic Alliance v President of South Africa and Others (CCT 122/11) [2012]
ZACC 24 (5 October 2012).
5. Democratic Alliance v Public Protector; Council for the Advancement of the South
African Constitution v Public Protector (11311/2018; 13394/2018) [2019] ZAGPPHC
132;
6. Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others 2016 (5) BCLR
577 (CC).
7. Doctors for Life International v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others 2006
(6) SA 416 (CC).
8. Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others;
Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others [2016] ZACC
11; 2016 (3) SA 580 (CC).
9. Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker, National Assembly and Another (CCT76/17)
[2017] ZACC (judgment of 29 December 2017).
10. Helen Suzman Foundation v Judicial Service Commission (CCT289/16) [2018]
ZACC 8; 2018 (4) SA 1 (CC).
11. In re Constitutionality of the Liquor Bill 2000 (1) BCLR 1 (CC).
12. Justice Alliance of SA v President of the RSA and Others and Two Similar
Applications 2011 (10)BCLR 1017 (CC).
13. Minister of Health and Others v Treatment Action Campaign and Others 2002 (10)
BCLR 1033(CC).
14. Mwelase and Others v Director-General for the Department of Rural Development
and Land Reform and Another 2019 (11) BCLR 1358 (CC).
15. President of the Republic of South Africa and Another v Hugo 1997 (6) BCLR 708
(CC).
16. President of the Republic of South Africa v Office of the Public Protector and Others
2018 (5) BCLR 609 (GP) (13 December 2017).
17. President of the Republic of South Africa and Others v South African Rugby Football
Union and Others 1999 (10) BCLR 1059 (10 September 1999).
18. Singh v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development and Others (2013) 34 ILJ
2807 (EqC)(23 January 2013).

, 19. The Helen Suzman Foundation v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others
(32858/2020) [2020] ZAGPPHC 574 (5 October 2020).
20. Tongoane and Others v Minister for Agriculture and Land Affairs and Others 2010
(8) BCLR 741 (CC).
21. United Democratic Movement v Speaker, National Assembly [2017] ZACC 21.
22. Van Rooyen and Others v S and Others 2002 (8) BCLR 810 (CC).

Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................4
Pius Langa “Transformative Constitutionalism”.................................................................4
Joel Modiri “Conquest and Constitutionalism”....................................................................5
Firoz Chachalia: Democratic constitutionalism in the time of the post-colony.....................6
Chirwa & Ntliziywana: Political Parties and their Capacity to provide Parliamentary
Oversight...........................................................................................................................7
A brief history of South Africa pre-democracy....................................................................8
Constitutionalism...............................................................................................................8
South African Constitutionalism.........................................................................................9
Separation of Powers.........................................................................................................9
Rule of law.......................................................................................................................11
Democracy.......................................................................................................................12
2. THE LEGISLATURE.........................................................................................................12
South Africa’s National Legislature...................................................................................13
Functions of the National Assembly..................................................................................13
Parliamentary privilege....................................................................................................14
Electoral systems..............................................................................................................15
Passing Legislation...........................................................................................................16
Public involvement in the legislative process: Doctors for Life..........................................17
Unlawful delegations: Justice Alliance..............................................................................17
Democratic Alliance v Minister of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs.........18
5. THE EXECUTIVE.............................................................................................................18
Executive authority..........................................................................................................19
Executive power & transformation...................................................................................19
Election of the Executive...................................................................................................19
Cadre deployment............................................................................................................20
Presidential Power...........................................................................................................20
The President as the Head of State and the Head of the Executive....................................21

,President of the Republic of South Africa v Office of the Public Protector and Others 2018
........................................................................................................................................22
Limiting the exercise of the President’s power..................................................................22
Introduction to rationality review.....................................................................................26
Rationality Review: the Albutt case..................................................................................27
6. THE JUDICIARY.............................................................................................................28
Transformation tensions in the judiciary..........................................................................29
Judicial authority..............................................................................................................30
The counter-majoritarian dilemma and judicial overreach...............................................30
Political questions doctrine..............................................................................................30
Exclusive jurisdiction........................................................................................................31
Approaches to the separation of powers and the courts...................................................31
Judicial independence......................................................................................................32
Individual judges’ independence (impartiality).................................................................33
Judicial bias......................................................................................................................33
Structural independence of the judiciary..........................................................................34
Judicial independence: Judicial appointments..................................................................36
7. CHAPTER 9 INSTITUTIONS.............................................................................................37
The nature, powers & functions of some ch9 institutions..................................................37
Are ch9 institutions a fourth branch of government?........................................................38
Securing the independence of chapter 9 institutions.........................................................39
The Public Protector.........................................................................................................41
Democratic Alliance v Public Protector; Council for the Advancement of the South African
Constitution v Public Protector (‘the Estina Judgement’)..................................................43
8. MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE.........................................................................................43
Introduction.....................................................................................................................43
The players.......................................................................................................................44
Legislative competence....................................................................................................44
Tagging of bills.................................................................................................................46
Resolving conflicts............................................................................................................47
9. ALL CASE LAW..............................................................................................................49
Potential questions..........................................................................................................57



Key:

, Cases are in pink
Readings are in green
Constitutional provisions are in red


1. INTRODUCTION
Readings:
1. Pierre de Vos and Warren Freedman South African Constitutional Law in Context (2021)
Chapters 1 (especially pp 15-39) and Chapter 2
2. Pius Langa “Transformative constitutionalism” (2006) 17(3) Stell L R 351-360
3. Joel M. Modiri “Conquest and constitutionalism: first thoughts on an alternative
jurisprudence” (2018) South African Journal on Human Rights pp 303-313
4. Firoz Cachalia “Democratic constitutionalism in the time of the postcolony: beyond
triumph and betrayal” (2018) South African Journal on Human Rights pp 375-389
5. D Chirwa and P Ntliziywana ‘Political Parties and their Capacity to Provide
Parliamentary Oversight’ in H Thuynsma et al (eds) (2017) Political Parties in South
Africa: Do they Underpin or Undermine Democracy?
6. United Democratic Movement v Speaker, National Assembly [2017] ZACC 21 paras 57-
88
7. EFF v Speaker, National Assembly [2017] ZACC (judgment of 29 December 2017)


Pius Langa “Transformative Constitutionalism”
 The Constitutional Court views the Constitution as transformative in nature
 This is confirmed by the Preamble and Epilogue (in terms of its goals and
foundational principles)
 The core principles of transformative constitutionalism are that there must be
economic transformation and a change in legal culture, which means:
— Societal change based on substantial justice and equality
— Active eradication of the systems that perpetuate oppression
— Fulfilment of socio-economic rights
— The Constitution is not static
— Affirmative action measures
 Transformative constitutionalism requires an acknowledgment of the politics of law
 Challenges to transformation in South Africa:
1. Access to equal justice
2. Legal education
3. Conservative legal culture
4. Responsibility for transformation and reconciliation (borne by all 3 arms of
government)
 The biggest obstacle to transformative constitutionalism is the existence of severe
wealth and power disparities
 The legal culture in SA:

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