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Samenvatting Wereldeconomie collegestof en boek
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Samenvatting collegestof en literatuur (Global Shift, 7e editie - Dicken). Leverde een 8,9 op voor het tentamen.
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College 1 – What in the world is going on?Two approaches to globalization:
1. Empirical: it refers to the actual structural changes that are occurring in the way the global
economy is organized and integrated.
2. Ideological: it refers to the neo-liberal, free market ideology of the „globalization project‟.
Factoren die bijdragen aan globalisering:
- Politiek: einde Koude Oorlog, internationale samenwerking (EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, maar ook
WTO, GATT en IMF) – global governance?
- Technologie: transportrevolutie, ICT en diensten (informatiestromen).
- Productie: van industrie naar diensten – multinationals, waardeketens (outsourcing,
offshoring, supply chains).
- Handel: multinationals, GPN, kapitaalstromen.
- Kapitaal: FDI en aandelenbeurzen.
- Mobiliteit: (arbeids-)migratie.
- Cultuur: homogenisering of diversiteit?
De natie-staat voorbij?
De natie-staat is nog altijd erg invloedrijk:
- Het is een container: cultuur.
- Het is een regulator: regels.
- Het is een competitor: vestigingsklimaat.
- Het is een collaborator: internationale verdragen.
Interconnectedness
Globalisering is “a transformation in spatial organization of social relations and transactions – in terms
of extensity, intensity, velocity and impact, generating transcontinental/interregional flows and
networks of activity, interaction and exercise of power”.
Verschillende dimensies van globalisering zijn dus extensity (reikwijdte, omvang); intensity
(frequentie, diepgang); velocity (snelheid); en impact (impact, kwetsbaarheid).
Conflicting perspectives on globalization
- To the neo-liberals – the pro-globalizers – globalization is an ideological project, one that, it
is asserted, will bring the greatest benefit for the greatest number. Globalization is the solution
to the world‟s economic problems and inequalities.
- To the hyper-globalizers – the anti-globalizers – globalization is the problem, not the
solution. Market forces are destructive. Therefore, they must be regulated in the wider
interests.
- Sceptical internationalists claim that the world was actually more open during the half
century prior to WWI.
R. van Stel
, Geografie
Geografie is nog steeds erg belangrijk in de economie. Contact is makkelijker geworden, maar
afstanden en gebieden op zich zijn zeker nog van belang. Historische paden en cultuur blijven
belangrijk. Je kan namelijk niet veronderstellen dat dingen overal homogeen zijn en op dezelfde
manier gebeuren.
Vier trends in het heden:
1. Lokalisering
2. Internationalisering
3. Globalisering
4. Regionalisering
Wat is er nieuw?
Vandaag de dag zien we integratie ook op politiek gebied. Er is dus geen sprake meer van aparte
partijen. Een ander voorbeeld is dat bijv. de kredietcrisis heeft gezorgd voor juist meer regulering. Dit
is een punt van kritiek tegen de sceptical internationalists, omdat dit ons laat denken dat globalisering
veel verder gaat dan alleen migratiestromen.
College 2 – The Centre of Gravity Shifts: Transforming the Geographies of the Global Economy
Historisch perspectief:
- De wereldeconomie verandert voortdurend.
- Oude geografieën van productie, distributie en consumptie worden gewijzigd en nieuwe
geografieën komen voortdurend op:
The global economic map is always in a state of „becoming‟. It is always new, but never finished.
- We zien patronen van geografische specialisatie en arbeidsverdeling:
„Over a period of 300 years or so, a global division of labour developed and intensified with
industrialization (…) [within] a core-periphery configuration (…) This long-established global
division of labour was shattered by the Second World War, which destroyed most of the world‟s
industrial capacity (outside North America). At the same time, new technologies were created and
many existing industrial technologies were refined and improved.‟
- Het „begin‟ van globalisering? 1450-1640, 18e eeuwse industrialisering, 1870?
R. van Stel
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