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Animal Diversity notes
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Dalhousie animal diversity notes from the academic school year. Clear and straight forward notes that are easy to understand.
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Lecture #1What is animal diversity?
- Animal: multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, motile, lack cell walls, metazoa
- Diversity: actual number of species /groups/taxa, variety of life forms
Taxonomy
- A formal system to name and group species by communicating a hierarchical
order
- Animals more closely groups share more common features/evolutionary traits
and are placed at a higher taxonomic level
Binomial Nomenclature
- Linnaeus’s system: Every species is Latinized name composed of two different
words (binomial) written in italics
- First: Genus name; second = species epithet (*adjective*)
- Genus is never reused; it can refer to multiple species within the same
genus
Biodiversity
- Variety of different life forms on earth and the variety of species
- Taxonomic: number of species
- Ecological: number of ecosystems
- Morphological: genetic diversity
- First stated by R.F. Dasmann in 1968
- First written by E.O. Wilson in 1988
- Important for conservation
Lecture #2
Biodiversity: is a measure of all organisms in a particular location
- Measure: One organism might be more dominant than another
- Biodiversity depends on what is being measured and many factors
(richness, potential, size, gene pool)
- Can be lowered with organism dominance
- Abundance can be difficult so we measure richness instead
- Organisms: naming and classifying species
- Classification by natural historians, taxonomists and Artificial intelligence
- Particular: Why is it being measured
- Is it necessary? Are there limits?
, - Is it valid?
- Location: Similar areas?
- How do we communicate the limits of what’s being measured?
Biodiversity is subjective and should those values be promoted?
Simpson’s Diversity Index
- Emphasizes richness
- Discounts rare species
- Diversity decreases with abundance
Shannon- Wiener index
- Emphasizes richness
- Hard to compare un-even samples
- Diversity decrease with abundance
Both indexes
● Trade-off the weighting of abundance vs richness
● Used extensively
● A good way for measuring biodiversity
● Applied in different situations
Lecture #3
Taxonomy
1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
a. Subphylum
3. Class
a. Subclass
4. Order
5. Family
a. Subfamily
6. Genus
7. Species
a. Subspecies
Notes:
- Taxa (singular Taxon)
- Organisms in the rank
- Binomial name: Genus species or Genus sp.
- Systematics: Species are grouped based on evolutionary relatedness
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