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Volledige samenvatting sociologie 1e bach crim
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Hs 1-9 volledige samenvatting. Niet te gedetailleerd en niet te kort. Ik had een 16/20.
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Sociologie Sem 1 2022-23 Peter Van DaelSociologie
Bart Van de Putt e
Inhoudsopgave
Sociologie...........................................................................................................................................1
Hoofdstuk 1: sociologie, een eerste kennismaking.................................................................................7
1.3.......................................................................................................................................................7
1.3.1 Gedrag...................................................................................................................................7
1.3.2 Sociaal handelen....................................................................................................................7
1.3.3 Interactie...............................................................................................................................8
1.3.4 Vormen van interactie...........................................................................................................8
1.3.5 De stolling van interactie in cultuur en structuur..................................................................9
Hoofdstuk 2: Cultuur..............................................................................................................................9
2.1 inhoud van het georganiseerd samenleven: cultuur....................................................................9
2.1.3 symbolen, tekens en taal.....................................................................................................10
2.1.4 de componenten van cultuur..................................................................................................10
2.1.6 ontstaan van cultuur............................................................................................................10
2.1.7 Cultuur als lens....................................................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 3: sociale structuur..............................................................................................................11
3.1.2 soorten groepen......................................................................................................................11
3.1.3 probleem van samenwerken binnen sociale groepen.............................................................12
3.2 sociale relaties............................................................................................................................13
3.2.2 sociale status en rol.................................................................................................................14
3.2.3 rolproblemen...........................................................................................................................15
3.2.4 statusproblemen......................................................................................................................15
3.3 formele organisaties...................................................................................................................16
3.3.1 de bureaucratie...................................................................................................................16
3.3.2 organisatie in praktijk..........................................................................................................17
3.4 structurele effecten....................................................................................................................18
Hoofdstuk 4: institutionalisatie en socialisatie.....................................................................................18
4.1 institutionalisatie........................................................................................................................18
4.1.2 ontstaan van instituties.......................................................................................................19
4.1.3 voortzettting in tijd van instituties.......................................................................................20
4.2 socialisatie..................................................................................................................................21
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,Sociologie Sem 1 2022-23 Peter Van Dael
4.2.2 belangrijkste socialisatietheorieën......................................................................................21
4.2.3 identiteit en zelfbeeld..........................................................................................................21
4.2.4 emoties................................................................................................................................22
4.2.5 kinderculturen.....................................................................................................................22
4.2.6 rolsocialisatie.......................................................................................................................23
4.2.7 socialisatie en structuren.....................................................................................................23
Hoofdstuk 5: sociale controle en deviantie..........................................................................................24
5.1.1 Morele orde.........................................................................................................................24
5.1.2 Politieke orde.......................................................................................................................25
5.2 Sociologische verklaring voor deviantie......................................................................................25
5.2.2. Ontregeling of anomie........................................................................................................26
5.2.3 Vervreemding..........................................................................................................................27
5.2.4 Differentiële associatie............................................................................................................28
5.2.5 Delinquente subcultuur...........................................................................................................28
5.2.6 Waarom is iemand niet deviant?.............................................................................................28
5.2.7 Etiketteerperspectief (Lemert).................................................................................................29
Hoofdstuk 6: sociale stratificatie..........................................................................................................29
6.1 Ontstaan van sociale stratificatie................................................................................................29
6.2 Stratificatie in landbouwsamenlevingen.....................................................................................30
6.2.2 Kasten..................................................................................................................................30
6.2.3. Standen...............................................................................................................................30
6.3 Stratificatie in industriële samenlevingen: Klasse.......................................................................30
Marx: samenleving onderbouw en bovenbouw & productiemiddelen (bij marx puur geld/eco).30
Weber: status, partij en klasse......................................................................................................31
Marx en Weber vergeleken..........................................................................................................31
Marxistische en weberiaanse visie: Dahrendorf...........................................................................32
Bourdieu: cultureel kapitaal.........................................................................................................32
6.4 Sociale mobiliteit........................................................................................................................32
6.5 Hoe worden economische klassen sociale klassen?...................................................................32
6.6 Is sociale stratificatie noodzakelijk?............................................................................................33
Hoofdstuk 7: religie..............................................................................................................................33
7.2.1 Vroege pogingen tot afbakening..............................................................................................33
Animisme......................................................................................................................................33
Durkheims omschrijving van godsdienst......................................................................................34
7.2.2 Hedendaagse, functionalistische en substantiële definities van religie...................................34
Functionalistische omschrijvingen van godsdienst Yinger (kort gezegd het heeft een functie)....34
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,Sociologie Sem 1 2022-23 Peter Van Dael
Substantiële omschrijvingen: geloofsideeên, geloofspraktijken en geloofsgemeenschappen.....35
7.3 Secularisatiedebat......................................................................................................................36
De klassieke secularisatiethese.....................................................................................................36
Economische theorieën van religieuze betrokkenheid.................................................................37
7.4 Religieus fundamentalisme (streng & autoritair) 0.....................................................................37
Hoofdstuk 8: sociale verandering.........................................................................................................38
8.1 De classificatie van samenlevingen: inleiding.............................................................................38
8.2 Niveaus van maatschappelijke organisatie.................................................................................38
Horde (gemeenschappelijk, geen ongelijkheid)............................................................................38
Stam ( democratisch, sociale strat afwezig)..................................................................................39
Stam met opperste gezag (veel ongelijkheid en sociale differentiatie)........................................39
Staat.............................................................................................................................................40
Wereldrijken.................................................................................................................................40
Besluit...........................................................................................................................................40
8.3 Sociale verandering....................................................................................................................40
Theorieën van sociale verandering...............................................................................................40
Materialistische verklaringen: technologische theorieën.............................................................41
3 fasen van maatschappelijke transformatie volgens Rose..........................................................41
Technologische evolutie en cultural lag........................................................................................41
Idealistische theorieën: cultuur als motor van sociale verandering..............................................42
8.3.3. Culturele diffusietheorieën.................................................................................................43
8.3.4 De wereldsysteemtheorie van I. Wallerstein.......................................................................44
Theorie van sociale hervormingsbeweging...................................................................................44
Hoofdstuk 9: Sociologische benaderingswijzen....................................................................................45
9.1 Inhoudelijke richtingen...............................................................................................................45
Structuralisme: Emile Durkheim...................................................................................................45
Basisveronderstellingen................................................................................................................45
Analyse sociale structuur: integratie en differentiatie binnen samenleving.................................46
9.1.2 Sociologie van sociaal handelen..............................................................................................46
Weber...........................................................................................................................................46
Algemene kenmerken...................................................................................................................47
9.1.3 Symbolisch interactionisme.....................................................................................................47
Oorsprong: universiteit Chicago...................................................................................................47
Basisveronderstellingen................................................................................................................47
Interactionele richting......................................................................................................................48
Simmel..........................................................................................................................................48
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, Sociologie Sem 1 2022-23 Peter Van Dael
9.2 Methodologische richtingen.......................................................................................................48
Functionalisme.............................................................................................................................48
Oorsprong: britse cultuurantropologie.........................................................................................49
Basisveronderstellingen................................................................................................................49
Sociologie...........................................................................................................................................1
Hoofdstuk 1: sociologie, een eerste kennismaking................................................................................4
1.3......................................................................................................................................................4
1.3.1 Gedrag...................................................................................................................................4
1.3.2 Sociaal handelen....................................................................................................................4
1.3.3 Interactie...............................................................................................................................5
1.3.4 Vormen van interactie...........................................................................................................5
1.3.5 De stolling van interactie in cultuur en structuur..................................................................6
Hoofdstuk 2: Cultuur..............................................................................................................................6
2.1 inhoud van het georganiseerd samenleven: cultuur....................................................................6
2.1.3 symbolen, tekens en taal.......................................................................................................7
2.1.4 de componenten van cultuur....................................................................................................7
2.1.6 ontstaan van cultuur..............................................................................................................8
2.1.7 Cultuur als lens......................................................................................................................8
Hoofdstuk 3: sociale structuur...............................................................................................................8
3.1.2 soorten groepen........................................................................................................................9
3.1.3 probleem van samenwerken binnen sociale groepen...............................................................9
3.2 sociale relaties............................................................................................................................10
3.2.2 sociale status en rol.................................................................................................................11
3.2.3 rolproblemen...........................................................................................................................12
3.2.4 statusproblemen.....................................................................................................................12
3.3 formele organisaties...................................................................................................................13
3.3.1 de bureaucratie...................................................................................................................13
3.3.2 organisatie in praktijk..........................................................................................................14
3.4 structurele effecten....................................................................................................................15
Hoofdstuk 4: institutionalisatie en socialisatie.....................................................................................15
4.1 institutionalisatie........................................................................................................................15
4.1.2 ontstaan van instituties................................................................................................16
4.1.3 voortzettting in tijd van instituties................................................................................17
4.2 socialisatie..................................................................................................................................18
4.2.2 belangrijkste socialisatietheorieën......................................................................................18
4.2.3 identiteit en zelfbeeld..........................................................................................................18
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