Summary
Summary - Global Migration
- Course
- Institution
Detailed summary notes for the A Level OCR Geography Global Migration topic with wider reading summaries too!
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
10akchanahj
Content preview
Lesson 8Global Migration
How has conflict changed migration in the 21st century?
Conflict and persecution have increased number of refugees:
A refugee is someone who has moved outside his country or nationality
because of genuine fear of persecution or death. The number of refugees
worldwide increased from 15.7 million in 2012 to 19.5 million in 2014. In
2015, Syria had become the largest source of refugees, overtaking
Afghanistan which had held this position for three decades; Turkey was
the largest recipient. Of all refugees, 87.2% live in the global south. Other
refugees have embarked on longer and more complex journeys to reach
their planned destination in the EU. E.g., many Syrians which Aksaray, an
Istanbul neighbourhood where they live temporarily before making
contact with agents of the traffickers. The route to Europe depends to
some extent on their wealth; there is the less costly sea route with greater
risk or the more expensive but safer arrangement for fake possible and
direct flight.
The main reasons for the large number of refugees globally include:
- The effects of conflict, including personal safety, loss of homes,
access to services, damaged infrastructure including
communications
- Political persecution, discrimination, and violation of human rights
- Economic hardship including forced labour and modern slavery
- The impacts of natural hazards/ climate change
, Lesson 8
Global Migration
The crisis in Syria
in the second
decade of the 21st
century has been a
major factor in the
recent increase of
refugees. The civil
war which began in
march 2011, has
led to internal
displacement of
7.6 million people
and a further 4.7
million
international
refugees. A high
percentage of the
refugees have moved relatively short distances to countries which share a
border with Syria, Turkey and Lebanon on being the biggest recipients.
Residents of Kobani, Syria, for example have been living in tented camps
near Turkish border towns. The intention is to return to their
neighbourhoods and farmlands as soon as the border crossing is
reopened. Lebanon has been so overwhelmed by Syrian refugees that in
January 2015 the government imposed the need for an entry visa whereas
before this state, movement between the two countries largely
unrestricted. Syrians seeking work must be sponsored by a Lebanese
individual or company.
Changes in national immigration and emigration policies:
National migration policies are designed to meet the economic, social and
political needs of a country. E.g., some ACs such as the UK, Australia and
Canada use a points – based system to satisfy labour shortages in
particular sectors. In the developing world, some countries actively
encourage emigration, largely to assist in the development process
through the financial benefits of migrant remittances, and the skills, idea
and business contacts brought by returning migrants. Differing effects of
recent policy changes are illustrated by Pakistan and Canada.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller 10akchanahj. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.86. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now