Complete BSMS Virtual Work Experience summary notes
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Course
BSMS VWS
Institution
University Of Brighton (UoB)
In face of the pandemic, the Brighton and Sussex Medical School Virtual Work Experience (BSMS VWE) has risen in popularity among thousands of aspiring medics.
The course is 6 modules long:
(Mod1- The NHS and General Practice, Mod2- Elderly Med, Mod3- Mental Health, Mod4- Surgery&Inpatient Med, ...
Important glossary
Biopsy: a small sample of body tissue safely removed for microscopic analysis
Bleep: an electronic pager normally carried by hospital staff (allows anyone in the hospital to be
contacted quickly by any member of staff)
Capacity: ability of a patient to make decisions about their healthcare (varies between decisions,
assessed on admission to hospital)
Chronic disease: a non-curable disease which is required to be managed over a patient’s life (e.g
diabetes, hypertension 高血壓, rheumatoid arthritis (inflammation in joints))
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): a chronic progressive lung disease mostly due to
long-term history of smoking cigarettes
Closed question: used to focus on the details of a clinical problem, questions asked by the doctor
which has a very limited number of responses e.g. “Is the pain worse on movement?’
Comorbidities: diseases that are occurring simultaneously in a patient, that are often chronic but not
necessarily related
Consultant: A senior doctor whom has completed the training pathway for their chosen specialty
Do-Not-Attempt_Resuscitation (DNAR): A legal document signed by both doctor and patient
stating that in the event of a medical emergency (cardiac arrest), no attempts at resuscitation are made,
with the aim to prevent further suffering to the patient
Electrocardiogram (ECG): A recorded pattern of the electrical activity of the heart, which can be
used to identify problems with it, such as heart attacks or arrhythmias.
Foundation training: The first compulsory training pathway for all newly qualified doctors. General
Medical Council (GMC): The UK regulatory body for doctors and publisher of guidelines outlining
recommended medical practice with the aim to protect patients and optimise patient care. All doctors
must have GMC registration to lawfully practise medicine in the UK.
General Practitioner:A community-based generalist doctor, normally the first point of call for
diagnosis and treatment of mild to moderate illness. GPs have historically been called 'family doctors'.
History (of Presenting Complaint):The patient’s account of their presenting problem. The history is
normally the patient’s own description of their problem but is guided by the clerking doctor with a
mixture of open and closed questions.
Holistic: The concept of treating the ‘whole’ patient (physical, mental and social well-being)
Hospice: A type of tertiary care specialist facility that focuses on caring for patients with chronic,
often terminal, conditions where the focus is on managing symptoms rather than cure.
inpatients+outpatients
Mammogram: A radiographic image of the breast tissue.
Multidisciplinary Team (MDT): A team of healthcare professionals with a variety of different roles
and inputs in the care of the same group of patients. Multidisciplinary management of patients allows
specialist input on all aspects of patient care.
National Health Service (NHS): The government-funded public health service in the UK. Founded
in 1948 by Aneurin Bevan, the NHS was formed on the premise that it would meet the health needs of
anyone, would be free at the point of entry, and based on clinical need rather than the ability to pay.
Open Question: A question asked by a doctor that allows a patient to openly describe their presenting
problem in their own words, with a near-infinite number of possible responses.
Outpatients: Specialist-run clinics for the management of patients with needs that cannot be managed
in primary care. These patients normally require more specialist assessments, investigations, and
treatments. These clinics are run by doctors, specialist nurses, and other HCPs. Patients must be
referred by another doctor (e.g. GP or hospital doctor) to access outpatient services.
Palliative Care: A specialty dedicated to providing end of life care.
Prevalence: The number of cases in the population (normally represented as a percentage or fraction).
,Primary Care: Community-based care for patients making their first approach to health services
regarding a health problem.
Rapport: Relationship between doctors and patients in consultation
Reflection: The process of analysing a past experience to learn more about yourself, and to apply this
knowledge to your future behaviours.
Registrar: A doctor that is training to become a consultant in their field.
Secondary Care: The provision of higher-level care in a centre with multiple specialist staff and
resources, such as a hospital. Requires referral
Sign: A clinical abnormality that a doctor recognises in the physical examination of a patient (but that
the patient may not notice). Objective, observable by doctor
Symptom: An abnormality in a patient’s health that the patient describes (e.g. pain). Subjective, not
observable by doctor
Tertiary Care: Very high-level care provided at a specialist centre often focusing on only one
discipline, such as a hospice or a neurorehabilitation centre.
Ward Round: Review of each patient on a ward being cared for by a clinical team in a specialist care
setting. Each patient is seen and reviewed for aspects such as current and new diagnoses,
investigations, treatments, and discharge planning. This sets the ‘jobs’ to be done for each patient for
the rest of the day. The round is normally led by a consultant and is multidisciplinary.
, Module 1: The NHS and General Practice
● Describe the NHS in terms of its history, its principles for healthcare and the way in which it is
organised and funded
● Understand the different roles and responsibilities of the GP, and what a GP would normally do in a
typical day
● Name some of the common medical specialties and health problems that a GP would be expected to
manage in general practice
● Name the different members of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) in general practice and describe
the roles and responsibilities they might have to help run a general practice
● Recognise the positive aspects of being a GP, the skills required and the challenges facing a
modern-day GP
● Describe the standard pathway of training for a new medical student to become a GP in the NHS
● Describe the impact of 'health inequalities' on accessibility to general practice and good healthcare in
the UK
● Describe the biggest current and future challenges to primary care in the UK.
Presentation 1 - Introduction to the NHS
Background
● National Health Service (NHS), launched in 1948 by health minister Aneurin Bevan
Principles (originally 3. For all, free, based on clinical needs)
● Meet the health needs of everyone+Free at the point of delivery
○ 1959, Mental Health Act -> access to mental health care
● Based on clinical need, not ability to pay (no matter the varying costs)
● Aspires to the highest standards of excellence and professionalism
● The patient will be at the heart of everything the NHS does
● Works across organisational boundaries
● Committed to providing best value for taxpayers’ money
● Accountable to the public, communities and patients that it serves
Key milestones for the NHS
● Establishing the link between smoking and lung cancer
○ National public smoking ban (2007)
● Performing the first organ transplants
○ Kidney transplant, hip replacement in 1960
● Establishing an organ donation register, 1994
● Rolling out national vaccination programmes
● First test-tube baby 1978
● Bowel cancer screening programme 2006
Core values of NHS
● Working together for patients
● Respect and dignity
● Commitment to quality of care
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