Lecture notes: society and social justice - Gender
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Course
Society and Social Justice (ED1BSJ)
Institution
University Of Reading (UoR)
What is gender. What is sex. What is the difference between gender and sex. Who is Butler, what did they find. Who is Oakley. What are gender roles. What is the division of labour. What are gender traits. What are female and male traits. What is gendered language. What are the links between gender ...
SLIDE 3: SEX & GENDER
What is sex?
} biological, XX & YY (98%)
What is gender?
} social & cultural aspects of sexual difference, man/women & masculine/feminine, social
constructions (not fixed: time, place)
SLIDE 5: JUDITH BUTLER (1990)
o new way of looking at sex & gender
o butler = difference between sexes only established within social context
|_> people create gender, in turn defines people
o butler = asserted we ‘perform’ gender
|_> it is a role that we learn in society
SLIDE 6: GENDER IDENTITY
o butler = as a performance
|_> what you do rather than who you are
|_> going girl & doing boy – heterosexual matrix (social system where people are
expected to confirm to)
o anne Oakley (1981) = gender roles in society acquired via process of socialisation
rather than biologically determined.
|_> ‘Gender is the learned cultural differences between males & females’
o “one is not born, but rather becomes, women [or man]”
SLIDE 7&8: GENDER ROLES
o Division of labour = roles & tasks assigned to women & men based on perceived
characteristics & attributes, instead of ability & skills
o E.G. women/girls:
o Household & child-rearing responsibilities
o These different roles have less access & control to (financial) resources &
decision-making processes
o Implications for life choices & opportunities
o Gender inequality in all areas of life & reflects power relations & structures
o Persons gender & role = several elements expressed through clothing, behaviour,
occupation, personal relationships & other factors
} elements aren’t fixed & have changed through time & place
SLIDE 12: GENDER TRAITS
Feminine traits:
} dependent
Emotional
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