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SPSS open book exam notes
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Notes that you can use for the SPSS open book exam. All steps in the practicals have been developed and clearly explained. I got the practical stuff myself with these notes.
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SPSS-aantekeningenPracticum 1
Nominaal = meetniveau waarbij de waarde geen echte waarde heeft, bijvoorbeeld (1) man
en (2) vrouw
Ordinaal = meetniveau waarbij er sprake is van een verschil van meer of minder, maar het
verschil tussen categorieën is niet in een getal uit te drukken, bijvoorbeeld (1) dosering laag,
(2) dosering gemiddeld en (3) dosering hoog
Interval = meetniveau waarbij het verschil wel uit te drukken is in een getal, maar zonder
absoluut nulpunt, bijvoorbeeld: temperatuur in celsius
Ratio = meetniveau waarbij het verschil wel uit te drukken is in een getal, maar met
absoluut nulpunt, bijvoorbeeld: lengte in cm.
Eerste stap is meestal het inspecteren van de descriptive statistics. Mean, standard
deviation en frequenties zijn hier een voorbeeld van. Hierdoor krijg je een impressie van hoe
de data set eruitziet.
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION:
1. Navigate to Analyze Descriptive statistics Frequencies
2. Put the variables ……. And …….. in the variable box
3. Click ‘ok’ to run the analysis
4. In a frequency table you can also spot the missing values
HISTOGRAM:
1. Navigate to Graphs Legacy Dialogs Histogram
2. Make sure to check the box ‘Display Normal Curve’
3. Put the variable in the variable box
4. Click ‘ok’ to run the analysis
GENERATE A TABLE WITH DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS:
1. Navigate to Analyze Descriptive Statistics Descriptive
2. Add the variable …….. and …….. to the variable box
3. Click on options and check the box “variance”
4. Click on ‘ok’ to run the analysis
FINDING ANSWERS OUTSIDE RANGE OF EXPECTED VALUES:
1. Navigate to Data Sort Cases
2. Put the variable …… in the ‘Sort by’ box
3. The values of the chosen variable will be sorted on order, so scroll down or up to see
values outside of the range
4. If you find a strange value, you may select the whole row and delete it
, SPLITTING PARTICIPANTS IN TWO GROUPS:
1. Navigate to Data Split file Compare Groups
2. Select ‘compare groups’ and put the variable ……. in the box (altijd maar 1)
3. There is no output for this step, you asked SPSS to compare the groups for the next
analysis, so after this you can for example generate a table with descriptive statistics
TURN OF SPLIT FILE OPTION:
1. Navigate to Data Split file
2. Select ‘Analyze all cases, do not define groups’
3. Click ‘ok’
Valid percentage = gebruik gemaakt van N - de missende waardes
Percentages = gebruik gemaakt van totale N
USE CODE FOR MISSING VALUES:
1. Go to data view, fill in the value 999 for the missing values on the variable …… (You
may want to use the “sort cases” option to find the missing values faster)
2. Go to the variable view, look for the column “missing”, and click on this column for
the variable ….. A new window opens. Specify 999 as a discrete missing value. SPSS
now knows that the value 999 stands for “missing observation”.
COMPUTE VALUE:
1. Navigate to Transform Compute Variable
2. In the upper left you specify the name of the new variable: vmat12 (Verschil mat 1
en 2)
3. In the Numeric Expression field enter the following formula: mat 1 - mat2
4. Now click ‘ok’
5. Now you have created a new value for each participant by subtracting their score on
mat2 from mat 1
6. After this you must make a table again
Wanneer je missing values hebt aangepast in SPSS naar missing 999. Moet er opnieuw een
compute worden gedaan.
RECODE VARIABLE: (van -10 naar 1, 10 naar 2, en 0 naar 3)
1. Navigate to transform recode into Different Variables
2. Select as the first input variable vmat12
3. Name the first output variable vmat12rec
4. Click ‘Change’; the screen should now show this: vmat12 vmat12rec
5. Click the button “Old and New Values”
6. On the left side you specify the old values, and on the right side the new values
7. You can use Range or Value
8. Continue, and press ‘ok’
9. Add value labels to the values of our new variables in the Variable View
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