ABCP Board Exam Questions And Answers

ABCP Board Exam Questions And Answers Metabolic acidosis is characterized by: -ANSWER- a fall in the plasma HCO3- concentration and a low pH The patient is a 71 years old male who presents to the OR with a history of congestive heart failure. His history is positive for increasing shortness of breath, 3 pillow orthopnea, lower extremity edema, and dyspnea with mild exertion. Preoperative lab values are as follows (Arterial values): pH: 7.41, pCO2: 60, pO2: 50, HCO3-: 38.1, BE + 12, SaO2: 72%, Hgb/HCT: 7.6/23 Based on the above information, you diagnose: -ANSWER- chronic respiratory acidosis with fully compensated metabolic alkalosis and hypoxemia The patient is weaned from CPB and you get the results of the postoperative arterial blood gas. The results are: pH: 7.42, pCO2: 36, pO2: 95, HCO3-: 26, BE: -1, SaO2: 99%, Hgb/HCT: 8.6/26 Based on the above, your diagnosis is: -ANSWER- normal ventilatory status and normal arterial blood gas values Laboratory findings in chronic respiratory acidosis includes: -ANSWER- elevated PaCO2, elevated plasma HCO3, low or low-normal pH The ascending aortic segment: -ANSWER- begins at the aortic valve annulus and ends just proximal to the innominate artery What is the middle layer of an arterial wall made up of? -ANSWER- Composed primarily of squamous epithelium, it is the thickest layer and provides compliance of the artery The P wave: -ANSWER- When peaked, as in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is known as P pulmonated The ST Segment -ANSWER- begins with the J point The intrinsic mechanism of blood coagulation is thought to be initiated by -ANSWER- foreign surfaces the aortic valve will close -ANSWER- when aortic pressure is greater than left ventricular pressure The gas law that states that the pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely related to the volume of the container is -ANSWER- Boyle’s law Hypoxia is -ANSWER- an inadequate, reduced tension of cellular oxygen Protamine is: -ANSWER- a poly cation that binds ionically to heparin to produce a stable precipitate Which antihypertensive drug can cause cyanide toxicity? -ANSWER- Nitride Cardiac index is: -ANSWER- equal to cardiac output divided by body surface area During pregnancy, the mothers cardiac output increases by -ANSWER- 30-50% Which of the following techniques should be avoided if a patient has a history of cold agglutination or if it is suspected? -ANSWER- cold blood cardioplegia what issue is at the greatest risk for injury due to cold agglutination on CPB? -ANSWER- Myocardium Which of the following lab results is the most important factor when creating a care plan on CPB for a patient with cold agglutin disease? -ANSWER- The critical temperature What would not cause cold agglutinins to develop? -ANSWER- allergic reaction to platelet inhibitor During bypass for a liver transplant, the patient temperature should be: -ANSWER- maintained at normothermia Ideal pump flow during liver transplant surgery should be: -ANSWER- ½-2/3 of pre bypass cardiac output The circuit that is most commonly used for liver transplant is -ANSWER- Venous Circuit Which of the following vessels are cannulated during liver transplant surgery? -ANSWER- Portal vein, inferior vena cava (femoral vein), internal jugular vein Which of the following is least likely to occur during bypass for liver transplant? -ANSWER- A decrease in systemic vascular resistance A 45 years old patient with a history of end stage liver disease is being evaluated for liver transplantation. The patient gives a history of 60 pack/year cigarette smoking and a history of consuming at least a 12 pack of Budweiser beer a day for 10 years. Based on the above history, which of the following is true? -ANSWER- The patient must prove a history of abstinence from alcohol for at least 6 months Which of the following is not implicated as a cause of end stage renal disease? -ANSWER- Acute Hepatitis A