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SED2601 ASSIGNMENT 3.
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ASSIGNMENT 3
, This document contains workings, explanations and solutions to the SED2601
Assignment 3 2023
Question 1 1.1 How is the concept 'class' explained by the following theorists?
a) Conflict Theorist:
1. Karl Marx: According to Marx, social classes are the result of an
inherent conflict between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the
proletariat (working class). He viewed class as a product of the
capitalist mode of production, where the bourgeoisie exploits the
proletariat for their labor power and accumulates wealth. Marx
believed that class struggle and the eventual overthrow of the
capitalist system would lead to the establishment of a classless
society.
2. Max Weber: Weber acknowledged the importance of economic factors
but expanded the concept of class to include other dimensions of
social stratification. He emphasized the role of power and social status
as additional sources of inequality. Weber argued that class is not
solely determined by one's relationship to the means of production but
also by their social prestige and political influence. He identified three
distinct dimensions of stratification: class (economic position), status
(prestige and honor), and power (ability to influence others).
3. Ralf Dahrendorf: Dahrendorf built upon Marx's ideas and developed the
theory of class conflict within modern capitalist societies. He argued
that social conflict arises not only from the economic division between
classes but also from conflicts over power and authority. Dahrendorf
believed that social change occurs through ongoing struggles for
power and the reconfiguration of class boundaries. He viewed class as
a dynamic concept, constantly evolving through conflicts and power
relations.
b) Functionalist Theorist:
1. Émile Durkheim: Durkheim approached the concept of class from a
functionalist perspective, focusing on the role of social cohesion and
solidarity. He believed that social order depends on the division of
labor, where each individual occupies a specific position within society.
Durkheim saw social classes as natural and necessary, as they ensure
the smooth functioning of society by allocating individuals to different
roles based on their abilities and qualifications.
2. Talcott Parsons: Parsons expanded on Durkheim's ideas and
emphasized the functional significance of social classes. He argued
that social stratification is essential for social stability and effective
functioning of society. Parsons viewed classes as functional units, with
each class performing specific roles and contributing to the overall
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