Geography AQA GCSE
The last third of paper 2, includes all the content.
This document has EVERYTHING you need to know about Urban Issues, with appropriate case studies and compiled in an organised and effective manner.
Urban issues and challenges
Reasons for city growth:
- Migration- looking for jobs
- Natural increase: birth rate minus death rate
‘River of January’
South-East Brazilian (atlantic)
coast
Janeiro
Rio de
43°W, 23°S
Was the capital of Brazil- a BRIC
NEE
Statue of Christ the Redeemer
Megacity (population >10,000,000)
Favelas (self built homes, home to
the red command drug gang)
, Better chance Better
More well- of getting an medical
paid jobs education facilities and
public
transport
Higher
standard of Pull
living factors
(Of urban Farming can
A range of areas) be
available - hard
entertainment Rural- - poorly
s urban paying
migration - affected by
desertification
Push , soil erosion,
factors (of drought and
rural climate
areas) hazards
Few doctors - dependent
and hospitals Schools on crop yield
Isolated due
to poor roads
provide basic
education
Case study: City in a NEE Rio de Janeiro
National importance of Rio de Janeiro:
- Was the capital of Brazil until 1960
- Is the cultural capital of Brazil (over 50 museums)
- 2nd largest city in Brazil
- Produces 5% of Brazil's GDP
International importance of Rio de Janeiro:
- Rio carnival, Mardi gras- one of the largest music festivals in the world
- Christ the redeemer- one of the 7 wonders of the world
- 2nd most visited country in South America
- Staged to 2014 World cup and 2016 Olympics
- Major tourist attraction
Favela- a squatter settlement in a Brazilian city
Social issues in Rio
- Teenagers involved in drug gangs
- Overcrowding
- Forced eviction
- Black market (illegal, cash in hand): Very common
- Poor healthcare, education, water and energy supply.
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