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Samenvatting verlichting & elektriciteit
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Notities uit de les + cursus gebundeld in één document 13/20 op examen eerste zit
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Verlichting & ElektriciteitInhoudsopgave
Inhoudsopgave.................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Planningsproces ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Projectanalyse ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
Lichtconcept .................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Ontwerp ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Installatie....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Onderhoud .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Planningspraktijk ............................................................................................................................................................... 6
Armaturenselectie ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Criteria voor de selectie van armaturen ................................................................................................................... 6
Armaturenindeling ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
Vloer .......................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Wand ......................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Plafond ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Object ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Puntraster ................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Montage ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Plafond .................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Wand ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Vloer ........................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Licht visualiseren ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
Tekening ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Simulatie ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Model .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Binnenruimteverlichting ................................................................................................................................................. 11
Basisverlichting ........................................................................................................................................................... 11
Accentuering ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
Breedstraling ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
Wallwashing ................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Projectie ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Oriëntatieverlichting ................................................................................................................................................... 13
1
Tess Moens – 2IVB
,Armatuurgroepen ........................................................................................................................................................... 13
Spanningsrail ............................................................................................................................................................... 13
Lichtstructuren ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
Spot ............................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Breedstraler ................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Wallwasher ................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Inbouwspots, inbouwbreedstralers en inbouwwallwashers ...................................................................................... 14
Plafondinbouwarmaturen........................................................................................................................................... 15
Downlights .............................................................................................................................................................. 15
Wallwashers ............................................................................................................................................................ 15
Plafondopbouwarmaturen ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Pendelarmaturen ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
Wandarmaturen.......................................................................................................................................................... 16
Plafondwashers ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
Vloerwashers........................................................................................................................................................... 16
Vloerinbouwarmaturen .............................................................................................................................................. 17
Oriëntatiearmaturen ................................................................................................................................................... 17
Lichttoepassingen ........................................................................................................................................................... 17
Nuttig oppervlak ......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Werkvlak ................................................................................................................................................................. 17
Oppervlak klein ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
Oppervlak groot ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
Wand ........................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Wand 3 m ................................................................................................................................................................ 18
Wand 5 m ................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Wand met structuur................................................................................................................................................ 19
Plafond ........................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Plafondschema ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
Draagconstructie ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
Vloer ............................................................................................................................................................................ 20
Object .......................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Object in de ruimte ................................................................................................................................................. 20
Object aan de wand ................................................................................................................................................ 20
Oriëntatieverlichting ................................................................................................................................................... 20
2
Tess Moens – 2IVB
,Buitenruimteverlichting .................................................................................................................................................. 21
Accentuering ............................................................................................................................................................... 21
Breedstraling ............................................................................................................................................................... 21
Wallwashing ................................................................................................................................................................ 21
Oriëntatieverlichting ................................................................................................................................................... 21
Armatuurgroepen ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
Schijnwerper ............................................................................................................................................................... 21
Breedstraler ................................................................................................................................................................ 21
Wallwasher ................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Façadearmaturen ........................................................................................................................................................ 22
Bolderarmaturen......................................................................................................................................................... 22
Plafondinbouw- en -opbouw- armaturen ................................................................................................................... 22
Vloerinbouwarmaturen .............................................................................................................................................. 22
Oriëntatiearmaturen ................................................................................................................................................... 22
Lichttoepassingen ........................................................................................................................................................... 23
Wand ........................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Wand 3 m – 5 m ...................................................................................................................................................... 23
Wand met structuur................................................................................................................................................ 23
Plafond ........................................................................................................................................................................ 23
Plafondschema ........................................................................................................................................................ 23
Draagconstructie ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
Object .......................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Object vrijstaand ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
Object aan wand ..................................................................................................................................................... 24
Façade ......................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Façade massief ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Façade, verticale indeling........................................................................................................................................ 24
Façade, horizontale indeling ................................................................................................................................... 24
Façade, uitstek – uitsparing .................................................................................................................................... 24
Façade met holte .................................................................................................................................................... 25
Aaneengeschakelde façade..................................................................................................................................... 25
Façade transparant ................................................................................................................................................. 25
Vegetatie ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Bomen ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Boomgroei ............................................................................................................................................................... 25
Jaargetijde ............................................................................................................................................................... 25
Soorten bomen ....................................................................................................................................................... 26
Boomgroepen ......................................................................................................................................................... 26
3
Tess Moens – 2IVB
,Winkelverlichting ............................................................................................................................................................ 27
Licht verkoopt ............................................................................................................................................................. 27
Producten in scéne zetten – verhalen vertellen – merk benadrukken....................................................................... 27
Verlichtingsfuncties – Welke taken vervult licht in winkels? ...................................................................................... 27
Een vergelijking van de lichttechniek – projectie of reflectie ..................................................................................... 29
Licht voor musea & galerieën ......................................................................................................................................... 30
Plannen in verlichtingsfuncties ................................................................................................................................... 30
Algemene wetten van de verlichtingstechniek ............................................................................................................... 31
De vierkantswet .......................................................................................................................................................... 31
De cosinuswet ............................................................................................................................................................. 31
Lichtstroommethode ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
Lichtstroommethode .................................................................................................................................................. 32
Extra ................................................................................................................................................................................ 33
Design Rules - BBC ...................................................................................................................................................... 33
Beeldfragmenten YouTube ......................................................................................................................................... 33
Case Studies ................................................................................................................................................................ 33
Examentips ...................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Lichtontwerp enscape ..................................................................................................................................................... 35
4
Tess Moens – 2IVB
,Planningsproces
Ontwerpproces = overzicht verloop afzonderlijke stappen in het lichtontwerp
➔ Verbonden met planningsverloop architectuurontwerp → lichtplanning ontwikkelen
Projectanalyse
- Kijktaken
o Frequentie en betekenis
o Criteria voor een kijktaak
▪ Contrasten & maten
▪ Kleur & oppervlaktestructuur
▪ Beweging en/ of ruimtelijke indeling
▪ Verblinding & reflectie
- Psychologische behoeften
o Uitzicht omgeving, informatie tijd & weer, ruimtelijke oriëntatie
- Architectonisch
o Gebouw/ ruimte zichtbaar maken & eigenschappen verduidelijken
▪ Ritmes en modules, ruimtelijke vormen, …
o Sfeer ondersteunen en totaalconcept weergeven
▪ Vereisten aan materialen, reflectiefactoren en kleurstelling
- Kwantitatieve instructies
o Verlichtingssterkte, anti – verblinding, lichtkleur en kleurweergave
- Kwalitatieve informatie
o De te verlichten omgeving, gebruik(ers) architectuur, smaak/ cultuur/ behoefte gebruikers
Lichtconcept
*Bepaalt welke eigenschappen verlichting moet bezitten
➔ Nog geen exacte gegevens over keuze lampen & armaturen of opstelling
*Verlichtingseisen afleiden uit analyse; keuze voor type armaturen
➔ Hoeveelheid licht, mate van differentiatie op verschillende tijdstippen per ruimte
*Concept voldoet aan de normvereisten, investeringskosten & bedrijfskosten
➔ Verbinden van de esthetische en technische vereisten
Ontwerp
Gebruikte armaturen, opstelling en installatie → verlichtingssterkte en kosten
Installatie
Wand = inbouw of opbouw
Plafond = inbouw, opbouw of pendelarmaturen
Onderhoud
- LED – verlichting = reinigen armaturen aan buitenkant
o Lang meegaan? (+ 10 – 15 jaar) = controleren of led module & driver vervangbaar zijn
5
Tess Moens – 2IVB
, Planningspraktijk
Uitvoeringsfase: armaturen, opstelling & installatie → concreet ontwerp
Armaturenselectie
Vastleggen lichtkleur, lichtstroom & elektrische aansluitvermogen armatuur
➔ Vast ingebouwde LED = moeilijk lichtverdeling veranderen
o Wel mogelijk bij andere armaturen = vervangen lens
o Potentiometer = lichtsterkte regelen
Criteria voor de selectie van armaturen
- Lichtverdeling
o Algemeen – gedifferentieerd
▪ Gelijkvormige algemene verlichting:
• breed stralende armaturen (downlights & lichtstructuren)
▪ Gedifferentieerde accentverlichting:
• Meestal aandelen algemene verlichting (strooilicht geaccentueerde
objecten/ delen ruimte = voldoende omgevingslicht)
• Gerichte – smalle lichtbundels (downlight richtbare– en verplaatsbare
schijnwerpers)
o Direct – indirect
▪ Directe verlichting
• Zowel gericht als diffuus = algemeen of accentuerend
• Verschillende breedtes lichtbundel & lichtsterktes toepasbaar (contrasten)
▪ Indirecte verlichting
• Diffuse algemene verlichting = gelijkmatig, zacht licht
• Minder kans op directe- & door reflectie verblinding
• ! Enkel indirect licht kan monotoon overkomen
o Breed – smal
▪ Smalle lichtbundel
• Stralingshoek kleiner dan 20° (spots)
▪ Brede lichtbundel (flood)
• Hoger aandeel aan verticale verlichtingssterkte
• Downlights; cut-off bepalend (= hoek waarbij geen gerichte reflectie van
de lichtbron in de reflector zichtbaar is)
o Symmetrisch – asymmetrisch
▪ Symmetrische verlichting (gelijkmatige verlichting)
• Algemene verlichting horizontale vlakken = downlight, brede lichtbundel
• Accentverlichting = smalle lichtbundels
▪ Asymmetrische verlichting
• Uniforme lichtverdeling schuine/ verticale vlakken = wall- & plafondwashers
o Horizontaal – verticaal
▪ Horizontale verlichting
• Functioneel – gebruiksgeoriënteerd licht (werkplek) = gelijkmatig
▪ Verticale verlichting
• Verticale kijktaken (schilderij, schappen), waarneming omgeving
o Op maat – gemodificeerd
▪ Meestal standaard aangeboden producten; veiligheidstechnisch getest, snel
leverbaar, duidelijk gedefinieerde kenmerken
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Tess Moens – 2IVB
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