Samenvatting van het deel Operationeel Management (binnen het vak Operationeel management en havenlogistiek).
Verschillende delen uit de samenvatting worden niet elk jaar besproken.
Prof: Ocampo
De prof maakt elk jaar nieuwe oefeningen (heel belangrijk voor examen), deze staan niet in de samenv...
Inhoudstabel
Inleiding tot operationeel management ................................................................................................. 5
Doel: .................................................................................................................................................... 5
Kernparameters:.................................................................................................................................. 6
Schematische voorstelling van een proces: ........................................................................................ 6
Operating System Components: ......................................................................................................... 7
Components – Uitrusting (equipment): .......................................................................................... 7
Components – Mensen (People) ..................................................................................................... 8
Components – Voorraad goederen (inventory) .............................................................................. 8
Components - Energy: ..................................................................................................................... 8
Onderscheid producten en diensten:.................................................................................................. 8
De Silo View (algemeen overview van een productiesysteem): ......................................................... 9
Productprocesmatrix: ........................................................................................................................ 10
Inleiding tot de cursus ........................................................................................................................... 11
Globalisering: gevolgen; Is onze industriële sector in gevaar? ......................................................... 11
Hoofdstuk 2: Voorraadbeheer – Inleidende beschouwingen ............................................................... 12
Kosten verbonden aan voorraad: ...................................................................................................... 13
Waarom bestaan voorraden? ........................................................................................................... 13
Fysisch aspect ................................................................................................................................ 13
Risico aspect onzekerheid/variabiliteit ......................................................................................... 14
Economisch aspect: ....................................................................................................................... 14
Het meten van voorraad ................................................................................................................... 16
Statische maatstaven .................................................................................................................... 16
Dynamische maatstaven ............................................................................................................... 16
Wet van Little: ............................................................................................................................... 18
Wet van Little .................................................................................................................................... 18
ABC analyse ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Deterministische modellen ............................................................................................................... 20
EOQ: aankoopmodel 1 product ..................................................................................................... 20
EOQ – één product: zaagtandmodel ............................................................................................. 21
EOQ: meerdere producten: gezamenlijk bestellen ....................................................................... 27
EPQ: Productie............................................................................................................................... 28
Model met vaste bestelhoeveelheid – hoeveelheidskortingen .................................................... 30
EOI: Model met vast bestelinterval ............................................................................................... 32
Hoofdstuk 3: Voorraadmodellen met deterministische dynamische vraag ......................................... 34
, Economic order quantity (EOQ) ........................................................................................................ 36
Periodic Order Quantity .................................................................................................................... 36
Lot for Lot Ordering ........................................................................................................................... 37
Least Unit Cost................................................................................................................................... 37
Least Total Cost ................................................................................................................................. 38
Silver-Meal (least period cost)........................................................................................................... 39
Stochastische voorraadmodellen ...................................................................................................... 40
Material requirements planning - MRP................................................................................................. 41
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................. 41
Geschiedenis: ................................................................................................................................ 41
Afhankelijke versus onafhankelijke vraag ..................................................................................... 44
Opbouw van het MRP-systeem ..................................................................................................... 44
Basisfunctionaliteiten in MRP/ERP ................................................................................................ 47
Materiaalbehoefteplanning .............................................................................................................. 48
MRP-registraties ............................................................................................................................ 49
Verwerkingslogica ......................................................................................................................... 51
Wijzigingen in MRP ........................................................................................................................ 57
Systeem en MRP planner: ............................................................................................................. 59
MPS: Master production schedule .................................................................................................... 60
Tijdsgefaseerde registratie ............................................................................................................ 60
MPS omgevingen: Modulaire BOM ............................................................................................... 62
Orderbelofte - Available to Promise (ATP) .................................................................................... 65
Finaal assemblageplan (FAS) ......................................................................................................... 69
Gedetailleerde productieplanning tegen eindige capaciteit ................................................................. 71
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................. 71
Capaciteitsgeoriënteerde planning ............................................................................................... 71
Probleemstelling................................................................................................................................ 73
Scheduling probleem ..................................................................................................................... 74
LOP: planningsmethode ................................................................................................................ 75
Theory of constraints (TOC) .............................................................................................................. 75
TOC: Planningsmethodologie ........................................................................................................ 76
Productmixbeslissingen: ................................................................................................................ 76
Beperkingen en prioriteiten .......................................................................................................... 80
Ordergroottebeslissingen en -beperkingen: 1 product................................................................. 81
Ordergroottebeslissingen en -beperkingen: meerdere producten............................................... 82
Het Drum-Buffer-Rope Concept .................................................................................................... 83
, Oefeningen ........................................................................................................................................ 90
Factor Physics: Doorlooptijd als prestatiemaatstaf en kernbegrip in het planningsgebeuren ........... 90
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................. 90
Pioneers flow-systemen: Wallace Hopp en Marc Spearman ........................................................ 93
Flow Theorie: ................................................................................................................................. 93
Een inleidend voorbeeld ................................................................................................................... 94
Inleidend voorbeeld: resultaat: ..................................................................................................... 96
Een inleidend voorbeeld: algemeen:............................................................................................. 97
Schatting van de doorlooptijd voor een basis-flow-systeem: één resource, één flow ..................... 98
Wachtlijnsystemen: notatie ........................................................................................................ 101
Enkele fundamentele observaties uit de flow-theorie.................................................................... 104
Observatie 1 ................................................................................................................................ 104
Observatie 2: ............................................................................................................................... 106
Observatie 3 ................................................................................................................................ 107
Observatie 4 ................................................................................................................................ 109
Observatie 5 ................................................................................................................................ 111
Variabiliteit en doorlooptijd ............................................................................................................ 111
Variabiliteit ten gevolge van omstellingen en herwerken van producten: ................................. 112
Machinestilstanden ..................................................................................................................... 113
Gecombineerde variabiliteit ........................................................................................................ 114
Beschikbaarheid van een machine .............................................................................................. 115
Schatting van de doorlooptijd: meerdere bewerkingen ................................................................. 115
Verbindingsvergelijking ............................................................................................................... 115
Observatie 6 ................................................................................................................................ 118
Observatie 7 ................................................................................................................................ 118
Doorlooptijden en beperkte buffers ............................................................................................... 118
Observatie 8 ................................................................................................................................ 118
Ordergroottebepaling vanuit het standpunt van onzekerheid in een productieomgeving............ 119
Basismodel van Karmarkar: voorbeeld....................................................................................... 119
Observatie 9 ................................................................................................................................ 121
Oefeningen bij deel V: ZELF ............................................................................................................. 121
Lean operations ................................................................................................................................... 121
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................... 121
Overtolligheden ten gevolge van overproductie ........................................................................ 124
Verspilling ten gevolge van wachttijd ......................................................................................... 125
Overtolligheden ten gevolge van transporteren ......................................................................... 125
, Overtolligheden in productie ...................................................................................................... 125
Verliezen ten gevolge van voorraad ............................................................................................ 125
Verspilling ten gevolge van beweging (motion) .......................................................................... 126
Verspilling ten gevolge van defecten (muda) .............................................................................. 126
JIT-basistechnieken ......................................................................................................................... 126
Push-pullsystemen ...................................................................................................................... 127
Genivelleerd productieplan ......................................................................................................... 129
Mixed-model-assemblagelijn ...................................................................................................... 131
Kanban ......................................................................................................................................... 133
Alternatieve kaartsystemen ........................................................................................................ 133
Berekening van het aantal kaarten ............................................................................................. 133
Verbanden met andere functies binnen productie ......................................................................... 133
Kwaliteit: autonomation en genchi genbutsu ............................................................................. 134
Constant verbruiksritme van componenten ............................................................................... 136
Oefeningen bij deel VI: ZELF ............................................................................................................ 139
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