Antiarrhythmic Drugs Exam ()- Questions & Answers (Rated A+)
Antiarrhythmic Drugs Exam ()- Questions & Answers (Rated A+)
What are the four different classes of antiarrhythmics as classified by Vaughan Williams? - ANSWER - SOuth Beach PolKa Class I: Na blockers, Class II: Beta blocker Class III...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs Exam (2023-2024)-
Questions & Answers (Rated A+)
What are the four different classes of antiarrhythmics as classified by Vaughan Williams? - ANSWER - SOuth Beach PolKa Class I: Na blockers, Class II: Beta blocker Class III: lengthen the Action Potential significantly without affecting phase o depolarization; consist mostly of Potassium blocker Class IV:Ca2+ channel blockers (L-
type,cardiac specific)
What is a good mnemonic to remember examples of anti-arrhythmic drugs? - ANSWER - Professor Q Dissed/ Lydias Poor Mexican Tacos/ Feeling Profaned/ Proper Betty Butt/
Amicable British Socialite/Virtually Dismembered 'IM
Characteristics of all Class IA antiarrhythmics - ANSWER - bind to ACTIVATED NA+ CHANNELS, slow phase 0 depolarization, prolong the action potential and prolongs repolarization
What is a common risk factor in Class IA antiarrhythmics? - ANSWER - Risk of torsades
de pointes due to delayed repolarization
Examples of Class IA antiarrhythmics - ANSWER - Procainamide Quinidine Disopyramide
What is Quinidine used for? - ANSWER - SVT, VT
What are the side effects of quinidine? - ANSWER - allergy-rash/fever, thrombocytopenia, cinchonism (tinnitus + hemolytic anemia, quinidine syncope and sudden death (due to QT prolongation and risk of early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes), GI side effects
How is procainamide activated? - ANSWER - acetylated by liver to N-acetyl procainamide
Side effects of procainamide? - ANSWER - lupus (people develop ANAs on procainamide; it is completely reversible upon cessation of therapy); agranulocytosis; prolonged QT and sudden death
What types of arrhythmias is procainamide good for? - ANSWER - All types
What kinds of arrhythmias is disopyramide useful for? - ANSWER - All types
Characteristics of all Class IB antiarrhythmics - ANSWER - Bind to inactivated Na+ channels, works mostly in the ventricles (not atria), actually shortens the QT interval and
so can be used in conjunction with Class IA to prevent torsadses Examples of Class IB antiarrhtyhmics - ANSWER - Lidocaine Phenytoin Mexiletine Tocainide
What kinds of arrhythmias are lidocaine and mexiletine used for? - ANSWER - Only VENTRICULAR tacchycardias not SVTs as only acts in ventricular muscle
Side effects of lidocaine? - ANSWER - CNS (confusion, seizures, dizziness)
Side effects of Mexiletine? - ANSWER - CNS and GI (mexiletine is an oral form of lidocaine)
Characteristics of all Class IC antiarrhythmics? - ANSWER - Binds to activated Na+ channels, does not affect the length of action potential but slows conduction rate ; show the greatest ECG effects
Examples of Class IC antiarrhythmics? - ANSWER - Flecainide, Propafenone
When is the use of flecainide and propafenone contraindicated? - ANSWER - When person has structural heart disease or CAD or ventricular dysfunction or any other underlying heart disease
What kinds of arrhythmias are treated with Flecainide and Propafenone? - ANSWER - All types but especially supraventricular arrhythmias is persons with otherwise structurally normal hearts
True/False: beta blockers have been shown to reduce sudden death and all mortality in persons post MI - ANSWER - True
How do class II antiarrhythmics work? - ANSWER - Beta blockers; they block the effect of the sympathetic nervous system and they also act on the pacemaker cells to slow firing rate and prolong conduction in the AV node, also decreases automaticity of ectopic pacemakers, and decrease afterdepolarizations that are stimulated by excess catecholamine activity
B1 specific blockers? - ANSWER - Metoprolol esmolol atenolol
Non specific beta blockers? - ANSWER - Propanolol nadolol
Non specific alpha and beta blockers - ANSWER - Labetolol, Carvedilol
Characteristics of all Class III antiarrhythmics? - ANSWER - K+ blockers, prolong QT interval without affecting phase 0 depolarization, prolong repolarization, risk of torsades and sudden death, act especially in PURKINJE FIBERS AND VENTRICULAR MUSCLE
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