UCLA Psych 135 Final Exam Review- Questions & Answers (100% Correct)
UCLA Psych 135 Final Exam Review- Questions & Answers (100% Correct)
social cognition - ANSWER - the study for how we interpret, analyze, remember, and use information about the social world
also the process of thinking abo...
UCLA Psych 135 Final Exam Review-
Questions & Answers (100% Correct)
social cognition - ANSWER - the study for how we interpret, analyze, remember, and use information about the social world
also the process of thinking about and making sense of oneself and others
cognitive miser - ANSWER - pertains to how we are forever trying to conserve cognitive energy since our goal is to *conserve mental effort*
correspondence bias
actor-observer bias
self-serving bias - ANSWER - dispositional inferences
attribution theory - ANSWER - explains other people's behaviors; attributing it to internal
dispositions or external situations
dispositional attribution - ANSWER - attributing behaviors to a person's traits
ex: if you do well on a test, you are more likely to reward yourself rather than maybe the
test being easy
situational attribution - ANSWER - attributing behaviors to the environment
ex: if you dont do well on a test, you are more likely to blame the test itself for being tough rather than yourself for not studying
fundamental attribution error - ANSWER - what is another name for the correspondence
bias?
fundamental attribution error - ANSWER - the tendency to underestimate situational influences while overestimating dispositional influences upon other's behaviors
ex: if you are the questioner at a game show, you might possibly know more than the smartest man in the world, if the questions picked are more applicable to you.
actor-observer bias - ANSWER - refers to the tendency to make dispositional attributions for the behavior of others but situational attributions for our own behaviors
self-serving bias - ANSWER - the tendency to perceive ourselves favorably (taking credit for successes but claim failures are not our fault) belief perseverance - ANSWER - tendency to stick with one's beliefs even when they have been discredited
overconfidence phenomenon - ANSWER - tendency to be more confident than correct (overestimating the accuracy of our beliefs)
confirmation bias - ANSWER - tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions
heuristic - ANSWER - a mental shortcut that allows fast and usually correct processing of information
representative heuristic, availability heuristic, anchoring and adjustment heuristic - ANSWER - types of heuristics
representative heuristic - ANSWER - mental shortcut in which people classify something
as belonging to a certain category to the extent that it becomes similar to come from that category
conjunction error - ANSWER - assigning higher probabilities to the conjunctions rather than components
availability heuristic - ANSWER - mental shortcut through which one estimates the likelihood of an event with how instances of that event come to mind
egocentrism - ANSWER - ones own contributions are more available than others are
-- selective encoding : attention and rehearsal
-- differential retrieval : "how much did i attribute?"
-- informational disparities
-- motivational influences
spotlight effect - ANSWER - we think everyone is noticing us but in reality not as many people do
ex: ugly t-shirt experiment. you may think people are staring at you when actually, not many people do
counterfactional thinking - ANSWER - process of imagining alternative versions of actual events
ex: "what if ____ happened instead of ____? would things be different?"
anchoring and adjustment heuristic - ANSWER - mental shortcut in which people begin with a rough estimate as a starting point, and from there, start adjusting by taking into account unique characteristics of that situation
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