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PRN 1178 client centered care 2 exam 1|66 Questions and Answers
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PRN 1178 client centered care 2 exam 1|66Questions and Answers
4 main functions of water in the body - -Act as a vehicle of transportation of
substances to and from cells
-4 main functions of water in the body - -Aid heat regulations by providing
perspiration which evaporates
-4 main functions of water in the body - -Assist with maintence of hydrogen
balance in the body
-4 main functions of water in the body - -To serve as a medium for the
enzymatic action for digestion
-How much of the body is water? - -More than half - 60% males contain 50%
females contain 60% due to fat tissue
-Lose more fluid through skin than adults - -Infants - kidneys are not as
efficient as adults less fluid absorption
-Adults - age related decline in total body water - -Diminished thirst
sensations; decrease in urine concentrating abilities of kidneys; decreases
the effectiveness of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-Hypovolemia - -Abnormal decrease in the volume of blood plasma (occurs
with dehydration or bleeding)
-What is critical in maintaining homeostasis - -Water
-Cells can't function without - -Water - death will occur
-Electrolytes are - -Minerals or salt dissolved in body fluid. Major source is
from diet
-Electrolytes are measured - -MEq/L
-Electrolytes in - -A solution breaks into particles known as ions from
reactions from hydrogen and electrolyte
-Ions - -Develop a positive electrical charge known as citations; for each
positive charge in a fluid compartment there must be a negatively charged
anion so that the balance is maintained
-Circulating blood volume - -4 to 6 liters
, -Erythrocytes - -Red cells - carried in plasma
-Leukocytes - -White cells - carried in plasma
-Platelets - -thrombocytes - carried in plasma
-Cancer - -Results from defect in DNA genes; Inherited or caused by
mutation; carcinogens is external and internal environment ***men and
women who are overweight by 40% or more have a 33%-35% greater risk of
developing cancer than persons of normal weight***
-Environmental agents - -Carcinogen exposure ( x-rays, sun, UV light,
lifestyle, tobacco use ) viruses are capable of introducing new genetic
material into normal cell and transforming it into a malignant one
-Cancer warning signs - -Unusual bleeding; sores that don't heal; change in
bowel or bladder habits; lump in breast or other part of the body; nagging
cough; dysphangia (difficulting swallowing); change in mole
-cancer prevention - -Make early detection; nitrite and food additives -
cancer stimulators; moderation in drinking alcohol too much can cause liver
damage, vitamin c (bacon)
-Common problems cancer - -Anorexia; malnutrition; mucositis; weight loss
of 2 or more lbs per week; fatigue; hyperuricemia- elevated uric acids;
immunosuppression decreases WBC
-Biopsy - -Sample of tissues
-Radiologic - -X-Ray; CT ; MRI
-Endoscopy - -Scope of throat
-Laboratory - -Blood + urine
-Dietary requirements- malignancies ( cancerous tumors) - -Foods high in
protein and calories, bland, lukewarm; carbonated drinks can be tolerated
but not taken with meals 1 hr before or after; *** caffeine, rich or fatty foods
AVOID***
-Mucositis- irritation and inflammation of the mucosa in the mouth - -Mouth
must be moist; swish and spit meds for PAIN RELEIF; maintain oral hygiene
-Cancer nursing interventions - -Medications: antiemetic's - monitor for
dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
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