How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing? - ANSWER Low albumin = more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin aka protein) = increased adverse effects
What is a Black Box Warning: - ANSWER is considered a contraindication to administer that drug.
What is the dru...
NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 - MARYVILLE
2023 LATEST QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS RATED (A+)
How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing? - ANSWER Low
albumin = more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin aka protein) =
increased adverse effects
What is a Black Box Warning: - ANSWER is considered a contraindication to
administer that drug.
What is the drugs half-life? - ANSWER Half-life specifically means the amount
of time it takes for an administered drug to be halfway cleared from the system.
Peak of action: - ANSWER the time between drug administration and maximum
concentration of drug in the blood stream. Best therapeutic effect.
Duration of action: - ANSWER the time between onset of action and
metabolism of drug below the minimum needed for an effect. The length of time
you have the drug in your system.
According to the WHO what is the first step in the prescribing process? -
ANSWER The first step is to define the patient's problem
The second step is to - ANSWER specify the therapeutic objective
The third step is to - ANSWER choose which drug or treatment is needed.
Step 4 of the WHO approach: - ANSWER Start the treatment
Step 5 of the WHO approach: - ANSWER Educate the patient
Step 6 of the WHO approach: - ANSWER Monitor the treatment
Phase 1 of drug development: - ANSWER The drug is tested on healthy
volunteers
,NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 - MARYVILLE
2023 LATEST QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS RATED (A+)
Phase 2 of drug development: - ANSWER trials with people who have the
disease for which the drug is thought to be effective
Phase 3 of drug development: - ANSWER Large numbers of patients in medical
research centers receive the drug in phase 3. This larger sampling provides
information about infrequent or rare adverse effects. The FFA will approve a new
drug application if phase 3 studies are satisfactory.
Phase 4 of drug development: - ANSWER This phase is voluntary and involves
postmarket surveillance of the drug's therapeutic effects at the completion of phase
3. The pharmaceutical company receives reports from doctors and other health
care professionals about the therapeutic results and adverse effects of the drug.
Some medications, for example, have been found to be toxic and have been
removed from the market after their initial release.
Explain first pass metabolism - ANSWER much of the drug is lost in the
absorption process. The liver metabolizes many drugs, thus reduces the
bioavailabilty of the drug.
What is the fasted route of absorption: - ANSWER The fastest route of
absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly considered the IV administration.
Why does the GI tract take longer to absorb? - ANSWER The GI tract is lined
with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate through these cells in order to be
absorbed into the circulatory system.
What is One particular cellular barrier that may prevent absorption of a given drug?
- ANSWER the cell membrane. Cell membranes are essentially lipid bilayers
, NURS 615 PHARM EXAM 1 - MARYVILLE
2023 LATEST QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS RATED (A+)
which form a semipermeable membrane. Pure lipid bilayers are generally
permeable only to small and uncharged solutes, hence whether or not a molecule
is ionized will affect its absorption, since ionic molecules are charged.
What is solubility? - ANSWER Solubility favors charged species, permeability
favors neutral species. Some molecules have special exchange proteins and
channels to facilitate movement from the lumen into the circulation.
Why does absorption occur at a slower rate for oral, IM, SQ routes? - ANSWER
Absorption occurs at a slower rate because the complex membrane systems of GI
mucosal layers, muscle, and skin delay drug passage.
The ability of a drug to cross a cell membrane depends on: - ANSWER whether
the drug is water or lipid (fat) soluble. Lipid-soluble drugs easily cross through cell
membranes; water-soluble drugs can't. Lipid-soluble drugs can also cross the
blood-brain barrier and enter the brain.
As a drug travels through the body, it comes in contact with? - ANSWER
proteins such as the plasma protein albumin. The drug can remain free or bind to
the protein. The portion of a drug that's bound to a protein is inactive and can't
exert a therapeutic effect. Only the free, or unbound, portion remains active. A drug
is said to be highly protein-bound if more than 80% of the drug is bound to protein.
Identify drug metabolism and the role of isoenzymes in the p450 system -
ANSWER CYPs are the are the major enzymes involved in drug metabolism
accounting for about 75% of the total metabolism.
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