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Samenvatting microbiologie 2 (2FBT) $6.60
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Samenvatting microbiologie 2 (2FBT)

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  • Course
  • Microbiologie 2
  • Institution
  • Artesis Plantijn Hogeschool Antwerpen (Artesis)

Samenvatting microbiologie 2 (2FBT-sem1) Veel schema's + afbeeldingen afkortingen: k = kunnen, w = worden, bact = bacteriën, bp = basenparen, tss = tussen, delta = verschil/verschillende. Enkele veelgebruikte afkortingen kan je terugvinden op mijn profielinfo. Veel succes!

Last document update: 1 year ago

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Document information

  • August 5, 2023
  • August 6, 2023
  • 107
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

Subjects

  • microbiologie 2
  • fbt
  • ap hogeschool
  • mlt
  • biomedische laboratoriumtechnologie

Written for

  • Artesis Plantijn Hogeschool Antwerpen (Artesis)
  • Biomedische Laborartorium Technologie
  • Microbiologie 2
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lauradries1

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Content preview

Deel 1: Micro-organismen: het genoom
en het monitoren van groei
1.1. Prokaryote structuren visualiseren in het lab
Inleiding
Microbiologie: Studie van biologie van micro-organismen (organismen waarvoor je
microscoop voor nodig hebt.)

Bacteriën: eencellig, gn organellen, prokaryoot, gn celkern Escherichia coli (genus – species)
Virus: HIV
Fungi: simple, nt groen, plantaardig, eencellig, saccharomyces cerevisiae
(bakkersgist)
Protozoa: eukaryoot paramecium
Algen: eencelligen, plantaardig, eukaryoot Chlamydomodas




1

,Prokaryote cel
Coccen, bacilli en spiraal van vorm plasmide: extra chromosomaal stukje DNA
(celmembraan)




voortbeweging


Aanhechting Geen kern


Prokaryoot – eukaryoot
Prokaryoot Eukaryoot




Grootte 0,2 – 2,0 µm 10-100 µm
Kern / Kern, kernmembraan,
kernlichaampjes
Membraan omgeven / Lysosomen, golgi-app, ER,
organelles mitochondria, chloroplasten
Flagella 2 protein building blocks Complex: verschillende microtubilli
Glycocalyx Present as a capsule or slime layer In cellen zonder celwand
Celwand Meestal: chemically complex When present, chemically simple
(typical bacterial cell wall includes
peptidoglycan)
No carbohydrates and generally
lacks sterols
Plasma membraan No carbohydrates and generally Sterols and carbohydrates that
lacks sterols serve as receptors present
Cytoplasma Geen cytoskelet of cytoplasmatic Cytoskeleton; cytoplasmic
streaming streaming
Ribosomen 70S
Chromosoom (DNA) Single circular chromosome, geen Multiple linear chromosomes with
histonen histones arrangement
Celdeling Binaire fusie Mitose
Sexual recombination No meiosis, DNA fragment transfer Mitosis


2

,De celwand
Gram positieve
Peptidoglycaan:
- Herhalend disaccharide (NAG + NAM)
- Vormen suiker-ruggengraad
- Aan elkaar via polypeptides
- Bevat tetrapeptidezijketens

Verschillende peptidoglycaan lagen, geeft dikke rigide structuur




Teichoic acid (alcohol + fosfaatgroep)
Lipoteichoic acid:
à overspant peptidoglycaanlaag
à gehecht aan plasmamembraan

Wand teichoic acid:
à enkel aan peptidoglycaan verboonden
à functie: beschermt tegen cellysis (openbarsten cel) + antigen specificiteit (identificatie
voor bacteriën)




3

,Gram negatieve
Één of enkele peptidoglycaan lagen à gevoeliger voor machanische afbraak
Geen techoic acid

Peptidoglycaan verbonden met lipoproteïne in het buitenste membraan (barrière)
Buitenste membraan: bevat lipopolysacchariden, fosfolipiden, lipoproteïnen, porines:
kanalen voor nutriënten, …
Periplasmaruimte: tussen peptidoglycaan en plasmamembraan bevat veel enzymen,
transproteïnen

Lipopolysacchariden:
Bestaat uit:
- O-polysaccharide à antigen à identificatie van gram- bact
- Lipide A = endotoxine à toxisch voor gastheer als terecht in bloedbaan of darm
o Endotoxine = aanwezig in LPS van het buitenmembraan à komt vrij bij
cellysis
o Exotoxine = metaboolproduct van een groeiende cel à w gesecreteerd in het
medium of via cellysis




4

, Visualisatie: GRAM KLEURING




Gram + : paars blauw (Positief Paars)
Gram - : roos
Gram + Gram -




Gram reactie
Peptoglycaan laag Dik (multilayered) Thin (single-layered)
Teichoic acids Vaak /
Periplasmatic space / +
Outer membrane / +
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Virtually none ­
content
Lipid and lipoprotein ¯ (acid-fasr bacteria have lipids linked tot ­ (due to presence of outer
content peptidoglycan) membrane)
Toxins produced Vooral exotoxines Vooral endotoxines
Susceptibility to ­ ¯
penicilin and
sulfonamide
Susceptibility to ¯ ­
streptomycin,
chloramphenicol and
tetracyline


5

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