volledige samenvatting (teksten + aantekeningen) voor Educational Policy
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Course
Educational Policy (P0P42A)
Institution
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
Dit is mijn volledige samenvatting voor het vak: Educational Policy. Bestaande uit de teksten & aantekeningen van de les.
Met deze samenvatting haalde ik een 13/20 (voor het examen baseerde ik mij enkel op deze samenvatting).
1 INLEIDIG TOT KRITISCHE ONDERWIJSSTUDIES ................................................................................................... 5
1.1 TERMINOLOGIE................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.1 EDUCATIONAL POLICY STUDIES = ONDERWIJSBELEID STUDIES ............................................................................................ 5
1.1.2 CRITICAL EDUCATIONAL POLICY STUDIES = KRITISCHE ONDERWIJSBELEIDSTUDIES .................................................................. 5
1.2 DE GESCHIEDENIS VAN (KRITISCH) ONDERWIJSBELEID .................................................................................................. 5
1.2.1 NA WO2: OPKOMST BELEIDSWETENSCHAPPEN............................................................................................................... 5
1.2.2 JAREN 1960-70 ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.3 JAREN 1980-90 ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 KENMERKEN VAN KRITISCH (CHARACTERISTICS) ......................................................................................................... 8
1.3.1 KENMERK 1: GEDREVEN DOOR EDUCATIEVE, SOCIALE EN MORELE BEZORGDHEDEN ........................................... 8
1.3.2 KENMERK 2: BREDE OPVATTING VAN BELEID (MACHT, POLITIEK EN BELEID IN STRIKTE ZIN) ................................. 8
1.3.3 KENMERK 3: KRITISCHE BELANGENBEHARTIGING ADVOCACY............................................................................... 8
1.4 EEN OVERZICHT VAN THEORETISCHE PERSPECTIEVEN EN BENADERINGEN ...................................................... 8
1.5 OVERZICHT VAN VERSCHILLENDE TOOLS EN AANALYTISCHE KADERS ................................................................................ 9
1.5.1 HISTORICAL IDEAL TYPES ............................................................................................................................................ 9
1.5.1.1 the centralising Jacobin state ........................................................................................................................... 9
1.5.1.2 The central state and diversity of initiatives..................................................................................................... 9
1.5.1.3 The non-interventionist facilitating state ......................................................................................................... 9
1.5.2 EDUCATION POLICY PERIODISATION ............................................................................................................................. 9
1.5.3 BELEIDSCYCLUS ANALYSE (= POLICY CYCE ANALYSIS) ...................................................................................................... 10
1.5.4 DIVISION OF LABOUR .............................................................................................................................................. 11
1.6 HEDENDAAGSE UITDAGINGEN VOOR KRITISCHE ONDERWIJSBELEIDSTUDIES .................................................................... 13
1.6.1 TUSSEN OUDERWETS PAROCHIALISME EN TRENDY KOSMOPOLITISME ........................................................... 13
1.6.2 ONDERZOEKSSCRIPS VOOR HET WERELDTONEEL........................................................................................................... 13
1.6.3 DE NIEUWE STAAT OF DE OUDE STAAT ....................................................................................................................... 13
1.6.4 OPLOSSINGEN VAN DE JUISTE WEG DOOR BELEID VAN DE DERDE WEG.............................................................................. 14
1.6.5 ONDERZOEK DAT WERKT EN WERKLOZENONDERZOEK ................................................................................................... 14
1.6.6 KRITISCHE BELEIDSMAKERS EN BEZORGDE ONDERZOEKERS ............................................................................................. 14
1.6.7 KRITISCHE BELEIDSMAKERS EN BEZORGDE ONDERZOEKERS ............................................................................................. 14
1.7 NAAR EEN NIEUW REALISME: GRONDGEDACHTE VAN DE CURSUS ................................................................ 15
2.1 WERKDEFINITIE - BASISIDEE ................................................................................................................................ 16
2.1.1 WERKDEFINITIE ...................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.1.2 KENMERKEN VAN WERKDEFINITIE.............................................................................................................................. 16
2.2 NEO-LIBERALISM ’80-’90 .................................................................................................................................. 16
2.3 4 FACETTEN ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.3.1 HET NEOLIBERALISME ALS ECONOMISCHE THEORIE ....................................................................................................... 16
2.3.2 HET NEOLIBERALISME ALS POLITIEKE IDEOLOGIE .......................................................................................................... 17
2.3.3 HET NEOLIBERALISME ALS BELEIDSPARADIGMA ................................................................................................ 17
2.3.4 HET NEOLIBERALISME ALS MAATSCHAPPELIJKE VERBEELDING ......................................................................................... 17
2.3.5 ENKELE AANDACHTSPUNTEN .................................................................................................................................... 17
2.4 HISTORISCHE ACHTERGROND ............................................................................................................................... 18
2.4.1 18-19DE EEUW ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.4.2 NA WO1 ............................................................................................................................................................. 18
2.4.2.1 John Maynard Keynes: "De algemene theorie van werkgelegenheid, rente en geld" .................................. 18
2.4.2.2 1938 Parijs Colloque Walter Lippmann (EU) .................................................................................................. 19
2.4.3 TUSSEN WO2 EN 1970 ........................................................................................................................................... 19
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,Educational policy
2.4.4 1970: TIJD VAN CRISSISEN ....................................................................................................................................... 19
2.4.5 1980: ONTSTAAN VAN NEOLIBERALE ECONOMIE EN POLITIEKE IDEOLOGIE ........................................................................ 19
2.4.6 1990 EN DAARNA .................................................................................................................................................. 20
2.5 VERSCHILENDE PERSPECTIEVEN ............................................................................................................................ 20
3 NEOLIBERALISME EN ACHTERLIGGENDE THEORIEËN ....................................................................................... 23
3.1 THEORETISCHE GRONDSLAGEN............................................................................................................................. 23
3.1.1 WAT HEBBEN ZE GEMEEN? ....................................................................................................................................... 23
3.1.2 MONEARISME ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
3.1.2.1 Friedman over educatie .................................................................................................................................. 24
3.1.3 AUSTRIAN SCHOOL (OOSTENRIJKSE SCHOOL) ............................................................................................................... 24
3.1.4 HUMAN CAPITAL THEORIE: MANSELIJK KAPITAAL .......................................................................................................... 24
3.2 THEORIEËN VAN INSTITUTIONELE HERSTRUCTURERING .............................................................................................. 25
3.2.1 PUBLIC CHOICE THEORIE: DE THEORIE VAN DE PUBLIEKE KEUZE ....................................................................................... 25
3.2.2 AGENCY THEORIE.................................................................................................................................................... 25
3.2.3 TRANSACTION COST ECONOMICS è TRANSACTIE KOSTEN ECONOMIE .............................................................................. 25
3.2.4 NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT.............................................................................................................................. 26
3.3 NEOLIBERALISME ALS EEN WIJZE VAN REGEREN (ONDERWIJS) EN GEREGEERD WORDEN .................................................... 26
3.3.1 NEOLIBERALISME IS WIJZE VAN BESTUUR, WIJZE VAN CONTROLE ..................................................................................... 26
3.3.2 EEN 'WIJZE VAN BESTUREN EN BESTUURD WORDEN: ..................................................................................................... 26
3.4 IS ER GEEN ALTERNATIEF? ............................................................................................................................. 27
3.4.1 WIE IS ER OPZOEK NAAR ALTERNATIEVEN? .................................................................................................................. 27
3.4.2 BASIS IDEE VOOR VEEL VAN DIE ACTOREN (=WAT HEBBEN ZE GEMEEN?) .......................................................................... 27
3.5 HOE HET ONDERWIJS TE BESTUREN? ..................................................................................................................... 27
4 PRIVATISERING EN COMMERCIALISERING ....................................................................................................... 28
4.1 INTRODUCTIE ................................................................................................................................................... 28
4.1.1 VOORBEELDEN ....................................................................................................................................................... 28
4.1.2 OPMERKINGEN .................................................................................................................................................. 28
4.1.3 WAAROM AANDACHT/ BELANGRIJK? ......................................................................................................................... 28
4.2 VERSCHILLENDE VORMEN VAN PRIVATISERING/COMMERCIALISERING ........................................................ 28
4.2.1 "PRIVATISERING IN HET OPENBAAR ONDERWIJS" (ENDOGEEN) ....................................................................... 28
4.2.1.1 quasi-markten................................................................................................................................................. 28
4.2.1.2 The manager and new public management – making the public sector more business- like ........................ 29
4.2.2 "PRIVATISERING VAN HET OPENBAAR ONDERWIJS" (EXOGEEN)....................................................................... 29
4.2.2.1 Openbaar onderwijs met winstoogmerk ........................................................................................................ 29
4.2.2.2 Onderwijsaanbod door de private sector: uitbesteding van diensten ........................................................... 30
4.2.2.3 Onderwijsaanbod door de private sector: uitbesteding van scholen ............................................................. 30
4.2.2.4 Publiek-private partnerschappen ................................................................................................................... 30
4.2.2.5 Internationaal kapitaal in het openbaar onderwijs ........................................................................................ 30
4.2.2.6 Commercialisering of Cola-isering .................................................................................................................. 30
4.2.2.7 Filantropie, subsidie, hulp .............................................................................................................................. 30
4.2.2.8 Opmerkingen .................................................................................................................................................. 31
4.2.2.8.1 Privatisering aanwezig in: ............................................................................................................................ 31
4.2.2.8.2 Beide (endogeen en exogeen) vormen van privatisering beïnvloeden: ...................................................... 31
4.2.2.8.3 Privatisering en "sturen op afstand" ........................................................................................................... 31
4.3 IMPACT VAN PRIVASTISERING ...................................................................................................................... 31
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4.3.1 POSITIEVE IMPACT .................................................................................................................................................. 31
4.3.2 NEGATIEVE IMPACT ................................................................................................................................................ 31
4.3.3 ANDERE EFFECTEN IN HET ONDERWIJS ....................................................................................................................... 31
4.4 WAT NU? ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
4.5 VRAGEN VOOR EXAMEN: .............................................................................................................................. 32
4.6 VRAAG ........................................................................................................................................................... 32
5 LEVENSLANG LEREN EN KWALIFICATIE ............................................................................................................ 33
5.1 INLEIDING ....................................................................................................................................................... 33
5.2 GOVERNMENTALISERING VAN HET LEREN ............................................................................................................... 33
5.3 EERST WAS ER EEN SOCIALE STAAT ........................................................................................................................ 33
5.3.1 DE MENS .............................................................................................................................................................. 34
5.3.2 ONDERWIJS = ZORG VAN DE OVERHEID ...................................................................................................................... 34
5.4 DE LEERSTAAT .................................................................................................................................................. 34
5.4.1 LEVENSLANG LEREN ZORGT VOOR è ZIE QUOTES OP PPT .............................................................................................. 34
5.4.2 BETEKENIS............................................................................................................................................................. 34
5.4.3 KAPITALISATIE VAN LEREN ........................................................................................................................................ 35
5.4.4 VERANTWOORDELIJKHEID VOOR LEREN (GERELATEERD AAN LEREN LEREN) ....................................................................... 35
5.4.5 MANAGEMENTISERING VAN HET LEREN ...................................................................................................................... 35
5.4.6 INZETBAARHEID VAN LEERRESULTATEN ....................................................................................................................... 36
5.4.7 GEVOLG: .............................................................................................................................................................. 36
5.5 HET LEERAPPARAAT .......................................................................................................................................... 36
5.6 BELANG VAN KWALFICIFACTIE .............................................................................................................................. 37
5.6.1 VOORBEELD: EUROPEAN QUALIFICATION FRAMEWORK =EQF ....................................................................................... 37
5.6.2 OPMERKING: ......................................................................................................................................................... 38
5.7 FUNCTIE LEERAPPARAAT ..................................................................................................................................... 38
6.1 INLEIDING .................................................................................................................................................... 40
6.2 BETEKENIS ACCOUNTABILITY ........................................................................................................................ 40
6.3 ACCOUTABILITY: WERKDIFINITIE .................................................................................................................. 40
6.4 KENMERKEN ACCOUNTABILITY ............................................................................................................................. 41
6.4.1 VERANTWOORDING IS GEEN TOTALE CONTROLE ........................................................................................................... 41
6.4.2 VERANTWOORDING IS GEEN TOTALE TRANSPARANTIE ................................................................................................... 41
6.4.3 VERANTWOORDING ZORGT VOOR HET BEPERKEN VAN WILLEKEURIG MACHTSMISBRUIK ...................................................... 41
6.5 OEFENING .................................................................................................................................................... 41
6.6 LINGARD, SELLAR & LEWIS OVER "VERANTWOORDINGSPLICHT IN SCHOLEN EN SCHOOLSYSTEMEN .............. 41
6.6.1 BENADERING ..................................................................................................................................................... 41
6.6.2 TYPOLOGIËN VAN DE VERANTWOORDING IN HET ONDERWIJS ........................................................................ 42
6.6.2.1 DE BUREACRATISCHE (VERZORGINGS)STAAT: PROFESSIONAL ACCOUTABILITY: ........................................... 42
6.6.2.2 POST-BUREACRATISCHE (NEO-LIBERALE) REGIMES VAN BESTUUR ............................................................... 42
6.6.2.2.1 CONSUMER ACCOUNTABILITY .................................................................................................................... 42
6.6.2.2.2 CONTRACT ACCOUNTABILITY (jaren 90) ..................................................................................................... 42
6.6.2.2.3 PERFORMATIVE ACCOUNTABILITY .............................................................................................................. 43
6.6.2.2.4 CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY .................................................................................................................... 43
6.6.2.3 Kritiek op deze vorm nu:................................................................................................................................. 43
6.6.2.4 Zoekt naar alternatieven ................................................................................................................................ 43
6.6.2.5 kenmerken van alternatieven......................................................................................................................... 44
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7 DIGITS AND DIGIT(AL)ISATION......................................................................................................................... 45
7.1 INLEIDING ....................................................................................................................................................... 45
7.2 DIGITISATION EN DIGITALISATION : WERKDEFINITIE .................................................................................................. 45
7.3 DIGITALISATIE VAN HET ONDERWIJS ...................................................................................................................... 45
7.3.1 GEBRUIK VAN PLATFORMS IN HET ONDERWIJS.............................................................................................................. 45
7.3.2 PLATFORM BESTAAT UIT 2 COMPONENTEN ................................................................................................................. 45
7.3.3 PLATFORMS ZIJN GEBOUWD OP SOFTWARECODE .......................................................................................................... 46
7.4 DATAFICATIE VAN HET ONDERWIJSPROCES ............................................................................................................. 46
7.4.1 BEHEER VAN BIG DATA ........................................................................................................................................... 46
7.4.2 GEPERSONALISEERD LEREN/PEDAGOGIE VERGEMAKKELIJKEN ......................................................................................... 46
7.4.3 ENKELE VRAGEN OM OVER NA TE DENKEN................................................................................................................... 47
7.4.4 NIEUWE ACTOREN, NIEUWE BELEIDSRELATIES, "SNEL BELEID". ....................................................................................... 47
7.4.5 NIEUWE PRAKTIJKEN IN DE KLAS................................................................................................................................ 47
7.4.6 NIEUWE SUBJECTIVITEITEN: ..................................................................................................................................... 47
7.5 KRITIEK/ VERZET............................................................................................................................................... 48
7.6 ALTERNATIEF: .................................................................................................................................................. 48
7.7 ENKELE CONCRETE GEVALLEN............................................................................................................................... 48
7.7.1 SMART SYMBOLS .................................................................................................................................................... 48
7.7.2 FENOMI: VSIMULATION@CHILDCAREEDUCATION ....................................................................................................... 48
7.7.3 BRIDEGE INTERANTIONAL ACADEMIES: ....................................................................................................................... 48
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