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CHAPTER 9
LAW AND THE SOCIAL CONTROL OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME
TEST BANK
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. According to the text, which of the following is true?
a. The need for formal social control has diminished in modern times
b. The opportunities for white collar crime were greater in traditional societies
c. Informal social control is less effective in traditional than in modern societies
d. Many of the worst white collar crimes were committed by the powerful who did
not have incentives to impose formal controls on their own predatory practices
ANS: D REF: p. 251 OBJ: LO 1
2. Which of the following most accurately describes Edwin Sutherland’s position on the use
of white collar crime as a term?
a. It should refer only to activity prohibited by the criminal law
b. It should be applied to white collar harm prohibited by criminal, civil or
administrative law
c. It should refer to any form of harmful activity engaged in by members of the
upper class
d. It should refer to any harmful activity which occurs within an occupational
context
ANS: B REF: p. 251 OBJ: LO 1
3. Adam Smith, the premier philosopher of capitalism, took the position that:
a. the free market and not the legal system is the best and most efficient means for
preventing or minimizing harmful conduct by businesses
b. the criminal law should be used to impose limitations on business competition
c. since businessmen do no harm to consumers, there is no reason to formulate laws
directed at their activities
d. laws directed at business activity will do more harm to the most powerful businessmen
ANS: A REF: p. 251 OBJ: LO 1
4. Which of the following statements about the application of criminal laws to harms
committed by businesses is true?
a. There has been a great deal of consensus that they are needed
b. The Reagan Administration of the 1980s is closely associated with their expanded
application
c. The proper lines of demarcation between acceptable and unacceptable practices
have not been self-evident to all
d. They have proven easier to formulate and apply than formulating and applying
laws to conventional crime
ANS: C REF: p. 251 OBJ: LO 1
5. Traditionally, the mechanisms of social control have focused on which of the following?
a. Individuals
b. Groups
c. Organizations
d. Societies
ANS: A REF: p. 252 OBJ: LO 1
6. The first known laws directed at commercial transactions date back to which of the
following periods?
a. Ancient Mesopotamia
b. The Roman Empire
c. 16th-century England
d. 19th-century America
ANS: A REF: p. 252 OBJ: LO 3
7. Which of the following statements was true of England in the feudal and late medieval
periods?
a. The common law addressed occupational offenses much more fully than conventional forms of harm
b. The marketplace was wholly unregulated
c. Laws protecting consumers and prohibiting unfair market practices gradually
emerged
d. The law encouraged the aggressive pursuit of profit
ANS: C REF: p. 252-253 OBJ: LO 3
8. The famous Carrier’s case of 1473 in England:
a. provided a foundation for the modern law of theft, and a precedent for laws
prohibiting employee theft
b. upheld the principal that an individual in legal possession of property could not be
charged with theft of that property
c. established standards for care and caution in the transport of goods
d. held that no legal distinction existed between the property of employers and the
property of employees
ANS: A REF: p. 253 OBJ: LO 3
9. In the 17th and 18th century employee theft, embezzlement, and related acts:
a. were wholly disregarded by the criminal law
b. became the targets of specific criminal laws
c. were addressed by numerous laws which were very general in scope
d. were generally left to resolution in the civil courts
ANS: B REF: p. 253 OBJ: LO 3
10. The text characterizes the 19th century in America as a period during which:
a. no laws addressing harmful businesses practices were adopted
b. harmful business activities were broadly criminalized
c. contradictory forces allowed businesses and enterprises much freedom, but certain
harmful business practices were addressed by the law
d. businesses operated in such an honorable way there was no need for legal
regulation ANS: C REF: p. 253 OBJ: LO 3
11. The view that law in a capitalist society reflects the direct control of the elite class over the state is most consistent with which of the following perspectives?
a. Consensual
b. Instrumentalist
c. Structuralist
d. Rationalistic
ANS: B REF: p. 254 OBJ: LO 3
12. The view that white collar crime law is implemented by the state because it helps sustain the system and “legitimates” the state in the eyes of the general population is most consistent with which of the following perspectives?
a. Consensual
b. Instrumentalist
c. Structuralist
d. Rationalistic
ANS: C REF: p. 254 OBJ: LO 3
13. The laws adopted in the early 20th century which regulated the meat industry but were also supported by the large meatpackers are especially well-explained by which of the following perspectives on lawmaking?
a. Consensual
b. Instrumentalist
c. Rationalistic
d. Dialectical
ANS: D REF: p. 255 OBJ: LO 3
14. According to the text, which of the following is the primary reason businesses support regulatory law?
a. They put the highest priority on the public welfare
b. They realize that they can benefit from an increase in public trust or a more stable
and predictable business environment
c. They feel completely impotent in the face of public concern
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