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An Introduction to Economics of Banking

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The subsequent lecture notes offer a fundamental introduction to the field of Banking Economics.

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  • August 8, 2023
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  • 2023/2024
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Economics of Banking - Lecture 1: Introduction to Financial Intermediation
1. Entities in Financial Intermediation

Depository Intermediaries:
• Commercial Banks
• Thrifts: savings and loan associations (S&Ls) and mutual savings banks (MSBs)
• Credit Unions

Nondepository Intermediaries:
• Venture Capitalists
• Private Equity Firms
• Insurance Companies
• Investment Banks
• Mutual Funds
• Hedge Funds

2. Reasons for Financial Intermediaries
Question: Why do we have financial intermediaries?
• Channel funds from surplus units to deficit units.
• Provide expertise, information, and services that facilitate transactions.

3. Comparison with Direct Borrowing
Question: Why not borrow directly through newspaper ads?
• Financial intermediaries provide information, reduce risk, and enable complex
transactions.
• Similar to using a real estate agent when selling a house for better outcomes.

4. Brokerage Function
Bringing Together Transactors:
• Financial intermediaries connect parties with complementary financial needs.
• Services offered include expertise and information.
• Skills needed: ability to interpret subtle signals, information reuse.

Pre-contract Information Asymmetry:
• Adverse selection: the tendency to overstate repayment ability.
• Financial intermediaries reduce credit risk and interest rates.
• Credit score provides an instant likelihood of repayment.

Post-contract Information Asymmetry:
• Moral hazard: one party's actions harm the other's interests.
• Banks monitor borrowers to mitigate risk.

5. Qualitative Asset Transformation
Role of Financial Intermediaries:
• Intermediaries enhance liquidity and efficiency in markets.
• Rewarded with interest rates for transforming assets.

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