Summary Unit 22 Assignment D Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma in Applied Science
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Course
Unit 22 - Materials Science
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
Unit 22 Assignment D
Qualification Distinction
Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Diploma in Applied Science
Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma in Applied Science
Emissions are released into the environment, such pollutants like carbon dioxide. Climate
change is a result of the quantity of carbon emissions that are emitted into the atmosphere
and trapped there. Among the many detrimental effects of emissions, some include the
disruption of natural animal habitats, the rise in sea levels, and the melting of polar ice caps.
Burning fossil fuels for transportation, construction, heating, and power can all result in the
release of carbon emissions.
Materials used to lower carbon emissions:
Silicon wafer:
Advantages:
- Thermally stable
- Long lasting
- It is a semiconductor
- Cheap
- Widely available
Hydrogen fuel cells:
Polymer electrolyte membrane –
The key to the fuel cell energy technology, it only allows necessary ions to pass between
anodes and cathodes. PEM is the electrolysis of water in a cell, responsible for the
conduction of gases and electrical insulation of electrodes.
Properties:
- Thermally stable
- Low working temperature
- High productivity
- High life span
- Produces electricity at high efficiency
- High energy density
- Cost effective
- Non-flammable – reduces global emissions
- Operates at low temperatures – reduces global emissions
- Operates on pure hydrogen – not harmful to the environment
Electronic components made on silicon wafers can withstand a wide range of current and
voltage. Cells of crystalline silicon are composed of silicon atoms that are linked to one
another to form a crystal lattice. Because of the ordered structure of this lattice, the
conversion of light into electricity is more effective. Due to the use of time-tested processing
methods, silicon wafer is also rather inexpensive. Due to its high efficiency, crystalline silicon
has a considerable market. Due to its toughness, big wafers can be handled without risk of
, damage. Like this, photons, or light particles, cause electrons to break free from atoms in
solar panels, creating an electrical current.
Several steps, such as process optimisation and the use of substitute chemicals, can be used
during silicon wafer semiconductor device manufacturing to limit PFC emissions.
Light emitting diodes:
Since light emitting diodes use elements like gallium arsenide to produce light more
effectively, the electrons lose energy as a result. As light, this energy is released. Gallium
arsenide has the advantage of being naturally resistant to damage from moisture, radiation,
and ultraviolet light. Because of these characteristics, GaAs is a great choice for aircraft
applications where UV and radiation are more prevalent. Gallium arsenide is a significant
semiconductor substance that is used to create single-crystalline thin film solar cells and
multi-junction solar cells, both of which are extremely expensive and effective solar panels.
Light emitting diodes (LED) use less energy per unit of light emitted, which lowers power
plant greenhouse gas emissions. One LED bulb can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by
approximately half a tonne, and LEDS have minimal CO2 emissions.
Glass fibres:
Fibreglass composites and aluminium in wind turbines are used in wind turbines because:
- Fibreglass is malleable.
- Blades are aerodynamic meaning they don’t require mass amounts of force to be
moved.
- E glass and S&R glass are the types of blades used in wind turbines. E glass is more
commonly used due to its low cost, effective insulation, and low water absorption
rate.
- Fibreglass is used as an insulator
- Fibreglass can be produced from a singular marble which is very cost effective for
consistent use.
- Fibreglass has good insulation due to the tightly packed electrons which are not able
to roam around freely thus preventing the flow of electricity in other materials.
- Wind turbines must have lightweight material so they can be transported to the top
of the tower and so they can turn easily when force is applied to provide kinetic
energy to a generator.
- Carbon fibre is also used within turbine blades. It is typically used for reducing the
mass of the blade.
Advantages:
Fibreglass is not a corrosive material meaning it is cost effective and has less maintenance.
Also means, they do not have to be replaced often and only need to be built once. This
means that carbon dioxide is only produced during the time it is built.
The blade itself is shaped a specific way to allow the blade to increase turbine efficiency and
speed. The blade reduces carbon emissions due to how cost effective it is, the blades works
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