Summary
Summary Unit 22 Assignment C
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Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma in Applied Science Distinction level
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A polymer is a chemical substance made up of molecules linked in extended, repeatedchains. Because polymers come in a variety of structural configurations, the way the
molecules are connected gives rise to special characteristics that have a wide range of
applications. Having ductile, transparent, brittle, impact-resistant, and reflective qualities are
some of polymers' favourable traits. Most polymers are made from crude oil, which is
located deep inside the Earth. While other polymers can be made from organic materials like
plants.
Polyethene is a resin created by polymerizing ethylene. It is mostly used to produce plastic,
which is then turned into everything from clear food wrap and shopping bags to fuel tanks
for cars. The synthetic fibres made from polyethene can be tailored to have elastic
properties that are like those of rubber.
Ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid are combined to create polyester, a synthetic polymer
manufactured from polyester fibres. Because of its resistance to shrinking and stretching as
well as to chemicals, polyester is most frequently used in the fashion sector. Polyester is
made of strong but lightweight fibres.
The synthetic polymer poly(tetrafluoroethene) is perfect for non-stick coatings for pans since
it is slippery and chemically inert. It is also utilised as a container for compounds used in
laboratories.
Polymer Uses, Advantages, and Limitations:
A polymer is a chemical substance made up of molecules linked in extended, repeated
chains. Because polymers have various structural configurations, they develop special
qualities that have several applications. Rubber is a naturally occurring polymeric substance
that has been used for thousands of years. Polymers can also be created artificially. Its
naturally existing molecular polymer chain gives it various elastic qualities. Swimsuits
composed of materials like polychloroprene, which is used in wet suits, contain man-made
polymers that have characteristics comparable to those of rubber or mimic plant and animal
fibres.
- C2H3Cl-based polyvinyl chloride
Structure:
A thermoplastic called polyvinylchloride contains 57% chlorine besides 43% carbon.
Where to utilise it:
Polyvinyl chloride is a flexible, stiff material that can also totally transparent or matched to
any desired colour. Because of its power polyvinylchloride is perfect for because of its
durability, resistance to moisture, and flooring, decking, fencing, and cladding. The
substance doesn't corrode and is simple to use so the material is useful for windows because
it reduces the amount of energy needed to heat and cool dwellings.
, Benefits:
The polymer's adaptable qualities enable for widespread use in the building and
construction sector. PVC has good mechanical strength and durability, making it sturdy and
lightweight for its intended usage. PVC may be cut and moulded in a variety of ways due to
its adaptability, and its light weight makes it easy to handle when used in construction. Due
to its resistance to weathering, chemical degradation, and corrosion, PVC is recommended
for outdoor application. This makes it incredibly advantageous and handy.
Limitations:
Chlorine is present in PVC. The product is made with carbon that comes from petroleum
products. Because of the chemicals generated throughout the production process, PVC has
been deemed to be extremely dangerous.
Testing procedures:
PVC is the most widely used material because of its strength properties. As a result, products
or design applications involving PVC require testing of the material's properties. These tests
identify the material's mechanical characteristics, such as its yield strength, flexural strength,
compression strength, and surface resistance. PVC must pass a strength test since it is used
in construction, which means the material must be strong enough to withstand any pressure
for it to function properly. PVC must be able to withstand the maximum tensile strength, for
instance, because if a pipe bends or cracks during construction, it could negatively affect the
entire project. PVC is used for ideal window profiles. Tensile strength is the maximum
amount of weight that can be applied to something before it breaks or loses its original
shape. This is because of its adaptable qualities, which include strength, lightness, and
durability. PVC is one of the best materials for this usage, according to the building research
organisation, the UK's top authority on sustainable construction. PVC is also utilised in the
sports industry. This is due to PVC's great environmental impact and wide range of
applications. PVC is employed in the seats, roofing, flooring, piping, and wiring of sporting
arenas, indicating that the material is advantageous because to its durability and
affordability. Polyvinylchloride can employ optional additions. They are used to infer other
qualities. These consist of fillers, impact modifiers, and processing aids. To increase the
toughness and durability of plastic resins, impact modifiers are applied to products made of
plastic. The required impact resistance determines how much impact modifier should be
added. Impact modifiers function by increasing the impact strength of the plastic and
lowering its elasticity modulus compared to the host polymer, which helps keep it from
breaking under impact.
Environmental risk:
Since polyvinylchloride can be recycled, doing so has both financial and environmental
advantages. The polymer can be mechanically recycled after being used, where the material
is processed through shredding and grinding. It undergoes treatments to get it ready for
reprocessing. While low quality recycled materials can only be used in goods created from
other materials, high grade recycled materials can be reused in applications that are similar,
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