Hand-written summary notes using Seneca on the whole of Enzymes in Module 2 - Foundations in biology, OCR A-Level Biology (H420). This includes an overview on enzyme action; enzyme models; factors affecting enzyme activity; cofactors; inhibitors.
Happy revising! :)
earzyme function
Metabolism is the different processes thattake place in
living organisms to allow them to
survive
enzymes are proteins thatactas biological catalysts to speed up reactions in living
organisms
eg) Rubisco in plantcells catalyses the fixation ofcarbon dioxide in photosynthesis
eq) amylase in saliva catalyses the break down starch
of to
sugars when eating
enzymes can speed up reactions affecting organisms on the cellular and individual
Level
eg) enzymes catalysing photosynthes cells,
within produces products (fixed carbon
thatcan be used around plants on the organismal level to grow roots and
ShOOtS
enzymes can speed up reactions that
affectstructure and function
eg) enzymes catalyse production ofthe structural protein, collagen, in bones
eq) enzymes catalyse the respiration produces
reaction that ATP
lock and key model
fitmoder
induced
lock and key model proposes enzymes induced fitmodel suggests there is a
and substrates fit together perfectly more
dynamic interaction between enzyme
and substrate
origional model to
enzyme
explain
action newer, more
widely accepted model to
substrate is a key fitting into a explain enzyme action
Lock cenzymel enzyme and substrate interaction when
coming together causes a small shiftin
enzyme substrate product the enzymes structure
shift allows enzyme and substrate to
⑧ ⑲
a
form an E-S complex
bind to and
catalyse a reaction
enzyme substrate product
changes shape
⑲
⑲
enzyme-substrate complexes
enzymes only catalyse one specific reaction
each enzyme has specific active site thatis the specific substrate
a
complementary to
thatitforms an E-s with
complex
3D, tertiary structure ofthe polypeptide chain determines the shape ofthe active site
denatured enzymes occur when environmental changes cause the tertiary structure
ofthe active site to change, stopping the enzyme from working properly
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