CHPN Chapter 3, Top Questions and answers. Rated A+

CHPN Chapter 3, Top Questions and answers. Rated A+ Breast cancer - -Most frequently diagnosed and leading cause of death from cancer in women Lung cancer - -Most frequently diagnosed and the leading cause of death from cancer in men Lung cancer - -The leading cause of death for men and women from cancer with a 16% survival rate for all stages combined Breast cancer - -Highest five-year survival rate of cancer with 89% Liver and pancreas - -Which two cancers have the lowest overall survival rate at 15% and 6% Invasion - -Process where cells continue to divide and with increased bulk, pressure, and secretion of enzymes, cancer spread locally or into surrounding structures. Angiogenesis - -Generation of blood vessels by the tumor site, which allows easier access for the tumor cells to enter the bloodstream; this increases risk of metastatic spread metastasis - -The spread of cancer cells from primary tumor site to distance sites in the body through one of several routes Bone, liver, lungs - -Where does bladder cancer spread to? Bone, brain, liver, lungs - -Where does breast cancer spread to? Liver, lungs - -Where does colon cancer spread to? Adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, other lung - -Where does lung cancer spread to? Adrenal gland, bone, liver, lungs - -Where does prostate cancer spread to? Curative - -Type of cancer treatment- the intention of the treatment is elimination of the tumor and cure of the patient from cancer Adjuvent - -Types of cancer treatment - a type of treatment that is used in addition to her after the primary therapy in order to aid in the principal treatment regimen and to lower the risk of cancer returning ex. radiation after surgical resection. Neoadjuvent - -Types of cancer treatment- treatment given before the primary therapy such as chemo therapy prior to surgical resection Palliative - -Types of cancer treatment - a treatment that is intended to relieve or alleviate the symptoms or burden of the cancer and improve quality of life; not intended to cure. Teletherapy - -Delivery of radiation therapy from an External source Brachytherapy - -Radioactive source is placed inside of or directly on the body. Skin reaction, fatigue, weight loss, Myelosuppression, alone is, nausea and vomiting, mucositis, xerostomia - -Side effects of radiation Stomatitis, alopecia , myelosuppression, nausea with or without vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue - -Side effects of chemotherapy Cardiotoxicity - -Toxicity to the cardiac system induced by chemotherapy is similar in presentation to congestive heart failure with dyspnea, cough, pedal edema, poor response to diuretics or digitalis. Most common with anthrcyclines Neurotoxicity - -This causes chemotherapy associated Peripheral neuropathy and presentation starts where patient feels like they're wearing socks or gloves, also with distribution with report of burning, tingling, numbness, or vibration sensations. Pulomomary toxicity - -This side effect of chemotherapy is typically irreversible and progressive. It presented as a drug-induced pneumonitis or restrictive lung disease with dyspnea, Non-productive cough, basil or rails, tachypnea, and low-grade fever. Most common cause it to have agent is Bleomycin. Nephrotoxicity - -A dose limiting toxicity for some chemo therapy's, depending on severity of damage. Cisplatin is known for this and can occur 3 to 21 hours after dose given and can persist for several years and may be irreversible. Hepatotoxicity - -presentation of the side effect of chemotherapy includes elevated enzymes and can progress to jaundiced, hepato-megaly, and encephalopathy, and abdominal pain. Decline in functional status, PPS - -The most important prognostic indicator Younger women have a poor prognosis related to hormonal shifts and obviously shouldn't cycles - -Breast cancer prognosis statistics Pancreatic Cancer - -Type of cancer were less than 24% of patients survive longer than one year and five-year survival rate is 6%. Most common presentation includes weight loss and wasting. This is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in the US Colon Cancer - -The third leading cause of cancer death and men and women; five-year survival of those with distance spread is less than 10%. Symptoms include anemia, fatigue, partial or complete obstruction, pain, blood in the stool, fistula. Stomach cancer - -Significantly higher incident in males, caucasian to African-Americans it's a 2 to 1 ratio, overall incident has declined in the United States over the past 35 years. This is the third most common cause of cancer deaths globally.