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Samenvatting Samenevatting Economie
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By: cindyaerts0612 • 5 months ago
By: buelenslaura • 6 months ago
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EconomieInhoudsopgave
...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Wat is economie ?................................................................................................................................................4
.........................................................................................................................................................................5
Wat is een markt?............................................................................................................................................5
Markten cyclus.................................................................................................................................................6
Welvaart..........................................................................................................................................................6
.........................................................................................................................................................................7
.........................................................................................................................................................................7
Collectieve behoeften......................................................................................................................................7
Wat is economie (praktisch)?...............................................................................................................................8
Hoofdstuk 1 – Deel 1...................................................................................................................................... 9
Wat is economie (theoretisch)?...........................................................................................................................9
Economisch gedrag..............................................................................................................................................9
Economisch denken.........................................................................................................................................9
Het economisch “probleem”.........................................................................................................................10
Behoeften...........................................................................................................................................................11
Individuele behoeften....................................................................................................................................11
Collectieve behoeften....................................................................................................................................12
Middelen............................................................................................................................................................13
Productie........................................................................................................................................................13
Soorten goederen en diensten......................................................................................................................15
Hoofdstuk 1- Deel 2..................................................................................................................................... 17
Verklaringen van economisch (keuze)gedrag....................................................................................................17
Opportuniteitskost.............................................................................................................................................17
KOSTEN BATEN ANALYSES (KBA)........................................................................................................................18
1. Rational Choice Theory..............................................................................................................................18
2. Theorie van de irrationele motieven.........................................................................................................20
Hoofdstuk 4................................................................................................................................................. 25
consumentenbundel...........................................................................................................................................25
De vraag.............................................................................................................................................................27
De individuele vraag......................................................................................................................................27
De marktvraag...............................................................................................................................................27
Wet van de vraag...........................................................................................................................................27
Uitzonderingen..............................................................................................................................................29
Elasticiteit.......................................................................................................................................................30
Inkomenselasticiteit.......................................................................................................................................32
Hoofdstuk 5................................................................................................................................................. 33
, Het aanbod.........................................................................................................................................................33
Theorie van producentengedrag........................................................................................................................34
Winst (TW).....................................................................................................................................................34
BREAK-EVEN...................................................................................................................................................35
Het aanbod.........................................................................................................................................................35
Individuele aanbod........................................................................................................................................35
Marktaanbod (of het totale aanbod)............................................................................................................35
“Het” aanbod.................................................................................................................................................35
.......................................................................................................................................................................35
De wet van het aanbod..................................................................................................................................35
De prijselasticiteit van het aanbod................................................................................................................37
............................................................................................................................................................................38
Soorten ondernemingen.....................................................................................................................................39
Zelfstandige (eenmanszaak)..........................................................................................................................39
Vennootschap = bedrijf/onderneming/organisatie......................................................................................39
Hoofdstuk 6................................................................................................................................................. 43
Markt met volkomen concurrentie....................................................................................................................43
Markt evenwicht............................................................................................................................................44
............................................................................................................................................................................46
Monopolie..........................................................................................................................................................47
Oligopolie...........................................................................................................................................................47
Prijsbeleid overheid............................................................................................................................................48
Hoofdstuk 11 - Arbeidsmarkt....................................................................................................................... 50
Het belang van werk..........................................................................................................................................50
Kiezen (KBA): deelnemen of niet?......................................................................................................................50
Werkloosheid......................................................................................................................................................51
Hoe omvang werkloosheid meten?...............................................................................................................52
Vlaams Regeerakkoord..................................................................................................................................52
Hoofdstuk 12............................................................................................................................................... 53
Loon....................................................................................................................................................................53
Totale loonkost werkgever............................................................................................................................54
Loonverschillen..............................................................................................................................................54
Minimumloon................................................................................................................................................54
Soorten belastingen...........................................................................................................................................55
1. Indirecte belastingen.................................................................................................................................55
2. Directe belastingen....................................................................................................................................55
3. Sociale zekerheidsbijdragen......................................................................................................................55
De progressiviteit van ons belastingstelsel........................................................................................................56
Niet-fiscale ontvangsten....................................................................................................................................57
Hoofdstuk 7 - GELD...................................................................................................................................... 58
Nominale en reële waarde van geld..................................................................................................................58
Inflatie................................................................................................................................................................58
Gevolg............................................................................................................................................................59
Oplossing.......................................................................................................................................................59
, Index..............................................................................................................................................................60
Hoofdstuk 2................................................................................................................................................. 62
Eenvoudige economieën....................................................................................................................................62
Moderne economieën........................................................................................................................................62
Grafische weergave moderne economieën..................................................................................................63
Drie economische stelsels...................................................................................................................................64
.................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Hoofdstuk 3................................................................................................................................................. 66
Economische kringloop......................................................................................................................................66
BBP.....................................................................................................................................................................67
Kritiek op BBP................................................................................................................................................67
BBP per capita................................................................................................................................................68
.......................................................................................................................................................................68
Nut BBP..........................................................................................................................................................68
Hoodstuk 8 - Economische groei................................................................................................................... 69
welvaart en welzijn............................................................................................................................................70
Niet geprijsde baten economische groei............................................................................................................70
Kritiek op economische groei.............................................................................................................................71
, Inleiding
Wat is economie ?
Een verhalend antwoord (storytelling)
Levende wezens (ook mensen) willen van nature overleven , Daarvoor moeten voldoen
aan basisbehoeften
▪ Voedsel
▪ Bescherming tegen barre weersomstandigheden
▪ Tegen gevaar
Maar voldoen aan basisbehoeften gaat niet vanzelf… men moet er iets voor doen
▪ Oermensen: verzamelen, jagen, etc…
▪ Neolithische (r)evolutie: start landbouw & veeteelt
! Verschil met jagers-verzamelaars:
Productie (natuur actief onderwerpen)
In die tijd, in eerste instantie produceren om aan eigen basisbehoeften te voldoen , niets
meer Maar na verloop van tijd: landbouwtechnieken verfijnen: er ontstaan
productieoverschotten
▪ Meer produceren dan nodig is om aan eigen basisbehoeften te voldoen
• Vb. meer graan dan eigen gezin nodig heeft, te veel melk, …
Helaas nog geen bewaartechnieken
▪ Wat nu?
Ruilen ! (Eigen teveel aan graan aan ander gezin geven in ruil voor hun teveel aan
appels)
Ruilsysteem stoot op zijn beurt op beperkingen Vb. gezin A heeft te veel graan en wil
appelen in ruil, B heeft appelen op overschot maar heeft geen graan nodig, B heeft
melk nodig, maar A heeft geen melk op overschot, C heeft wel melk op overschot:
hopelijk hebben zij nood aan graan?
Dus: Ruilen vaak via grote omweg (arbeidsintensief) + onzekere uitkomst
Nood aan universeel ruilmiddel: Ontstaan van bijzonder goed: GELD
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