HOOFDSTUK 1
Eigenschappen polymeren
Makromoleculen met grote molecuulmassa: 104 tot 107 g/mol (polydispers).
Lange, draadvormige ketens, soms vertakt (netwerk).
Ketens zijn opgebouwd uit een veelvoud van kleine, meestal identieke eenheden (monomeren) die zijn
verbonden met een covalente binding.
Tussen ketens zijn er zwakke interacties: bruggen (zwavel of waterstof).
Toevoegingen thermoplasten en thermoharders
Additieven
Glijmiddel: transport door verwerkingsmachine (uitw.), verbetering vloeigedrag (inw.).
Zwavel: voor de vulkanisatie (rubbers).
Glasvezel: verhoogt treksterkte en krasvastheid.
Talk: verhoogt buigsterkte en buigmodulus.
Weekmakers: inwendig smeermiddel, niet covalent gebonden aan polymeer (ftalaten).
Versnellers: versnelling van netwerkvormende reactie (rubbers en thermoharders).
Kwartsmeel: ter verhoging van de stijfheid.
Rubberdeeltjes: ter verhoging van de slagsterkte.
Pigmenten: kleuring.
Stabilisatoren
UV-stabilisatoren: bescherming polymeer tegen zonlicht.
Radical scavengers: vangt radicalen (breekt polymeer af).
Antioxidanten: bescherming polymeer tegen hoge temperaturen.
Brandwerende middelen.
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