Lower Gastrointestinal (Medical School Finals Summary Notes)
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Course
Medicine
Institution
The University Of Liverpool (UoL)
This is a summary PowerPoint of the lower GI / gastroenterology conditions taught for medical school finals. Each condition has its own section which follows a standardised layout: pathophysiology (where applicable), presentation/symptoms, investigations, management then any additional information.
,Appendicitis: Symptoms
• Abdominal pain
• Starts as diffuse, periumbilical abdominal pain which becomes localised to
right iliac fossa due to parietal peritoneal inflammation
• Patients can’t hop on the right leg due to pain
• Anorexia
• Nausea and vomiting
, Appendicitis: Examination
• Generalised peritonitis in perforation
• Rebound and percussion tenderness
• Guarding voluntary muscle contraction to protect from pain
• Rigidity involuntary muscle spasm due to underlying inflammation
• Reduced bowel sounds
• McBurney’s sign
• Tenderness 1/3 of the distance from the ASIS to the umbilicus
• Rovsing’s sign
• Palpation of the LIF causes RIF pain
• Iliopsoas sign
• Pain on right hip extension (in retrocecal appendicitis)
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