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Motivation Final Exam 2023, With Complete Verified Solution
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Motivation Final Exam 2023, With CompleteVerified Solution
There are three fundamental motivational tasks that the self has to pursue and
solve. Which of the following is NOT one of those tasks
increase and maintain self esteem (Self esteem)
The problem with placing too much emphasis on self-esteem in a motivational
analysis of behaviour is that
there are almost no findings that self esteem causes anything at all
____ are cognitive generalizations about the self that are domain specific and
learned from past experience
self-schemas
____ represents the present state of the self-concept, whereas a ______
represents the future desired state of the self concept
self-schema, possible self
Research finds that high self esteem persons choose to interact with people who
evaluate them positively, while low self esteem persons choose to interact with
people who evaluate them negatively. This shows that, generally speaking
people choose to interact with people who treat them in a way they want to be treated
When a person receives potent social feedback that disconfirms his or her
preexisting self-conception, what variable determines whether the person will or
will not experience a change in self-concept?
self-concept certainty
The affect control principle in affect control theory is
people behave in ways that minimize affective deflection
According to affect control theory, a fundamental sentiment is
a culturally defines identity
In affect control theory, energy for behaviour arrises from
affective deflections
Agency within the self emanates primarily from
innate psychological needs
___ expands and elaborates the self into an ever-increasing level of complexity,
while ____ synthesizes that emerging complexity into a coherent whole
Differentiation, integration
Cognitive dissonance theory predicts that once a difficult choice between equally
attractive alternatives is made, people experience
postdecision regret
The initiation rituals in groups such as the military, fraternities, and athletic teams
increase liking from their group members. Initiation rituals increase liking by
capitalizing on what dissonance-arousing process?
effort justification
Bem's self-perception theory challenged the basic tenet of cognitive dissonance
theory by arguing that
, cognitive-behaviour inconsistencies do not necessarily produce an aversive motivational
state
Self-perception theory is more applicable to situations in which people's attitudes
are initially _____, while cognitive dissonance theory is more applicable to
situations in which peoples attitudes are initially _____
vague, ambiguous, and weak; clear, salient, and strong
Self-concordance refers to a sense of _____ that people have regarding their
goals and strivings
ownership
Which of the following statements is true
most people are happy, and this is true almost irrespective of life circumstances
_____ attain an optimal level of arousal at relatively low levels of stimulation and
shun strong stimulation; _____ attain an optimal level of arousal at relatively high
levels of stimulation and approach stronger forms of stimulation.
introverts, extraverts
in competitive situations, which of the following statements is true?
introverts avoid competition because they expect it to be too arousing, anxiety-
provoking, and punishing
The motivational function of the Behavioural Activating System (BAS) is to
energize:
approach-oriented, goal-directed behaviour
The motivational function of the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) is to
energize
avoidance-oriented, goal-direction behaviour
____ is a hypothetical construct representing the cortical, behavioural and
autonomic mechanism that govern alertness, wakefulness, and motivation.
Arousal
Studies on the effects of sensory deprivation on psychological processes
showed that exposure to a rigidly monotonous environment led participants to
report
all of the above
Arousal level is mostly a function of how _____ the environment is
stimulating
The study with students taking vocabulary tests under conditions of (1) pressure
vs. no pressure and (2) caffeine vs. no caffeine supports the credibility of the
inverted-U hypothesis because it shows
that the inverted-U curve applies to everyday arousing events
Overstimulating, stressful environments instigate all of the following types of
distribution EXCEPT
social (e.g., conformity, pressures)
Which reason(s) best explain(s) why sensation seekers might be attracted to drug
usage?
all of the above
Compared to affect stable individuals, affect intense react:
overly positive to good events and overly negative to bad events
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