Summary
Summary Reviewer for Chemical Basis of Life
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Reviewer for Chapter 2 of Anatomy and Physiology
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
Seeleys Anatomy and Physiology, 12th Edition (VanPutte, 2020), Chapter 1-29
-
Seeleys Anatomy and Physiology, 12th Edition (VanPutte, 2020), Chapter 1-29
-
Test Bank - Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology, 12th Edition (VanPutte, 2020), Chapter 1-29 | All Chapters
Seller
Follow
louise15
Content preview
CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFEMolecules and Compounds
Molecule
- 2 or more atoms chemically combine
Basic Chemistry - Example: water (H2O)
Chemistry – concerned with atomic composition, structure Compound
of substances, and reactions they undergo - chemical combination of 2 or more different types of
Matter - anything that occupies space and has mass atoms
(solid, liquid, or gas) - Example: NaCl
Mass - amount of matter in an object Dissociation – separation of ions in an ionic compound by
polar water molecules
Weight - gravitational force acting on object
Electrolytes – dissociated ions
Elements and Atoms
Element - simplest form of matter
Chemical reactions occur when there is a formation or
Example: C, H, O, N, Ca, K, Na, Cl
breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, ions,
molecules, or compounds
Atom - smallest particle of an element
- contains protons, electrons,
and neutrons Reactants: substances that enter into the reaction
Atomic Structure Products: substances that result from the reaction
Proton - positive charged particle (inside)
Types of Chemical Reactions
Neutron - neutral charged particle (inside Synthesis reaction
• build a new molecule
Electron - negative charged particle (outside) • energy-requiring
• Example: ADP + P → ATP
Atomic number - the number of protons in each atom Decomposition reaction
• break down molecule
Mass number - the number of protons + neutrons • energy-releasing
• Example: ATP → ADP + P
Electrons and Chemical Bonding Exchange reaction
Chemical bonds - occur when outermost electrons are • combination of synthesis and decomposition
transferred or shared between atoms reactions
• Example: AB + CD → AC + BD
Types of chemical bonds • Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
• Ionic
• Covalent Reversible reactions occur when the reaction can run in
• Hydrogen the opposite direction, so that the products are converted
back to the original reactants.
Ionic bond - attraction between two oppositely charged CO2 + H2O ⇄ H+ + HCO3
ions
Ion: a charged atom formed because of a donation Equilibrium: when the rate of product formation equals the
or gain of an electron rate of reactant formation
Example: NaCl
Energy
Covalent bond - occurs when atoms share one or more
pairs of electrons - Energy is the capacity to do work
Example: hydrogen molecule (H2) - Work is the moving of matter
1. Polar covalent bonds - unequal sharing of - Kinetic energy is energy in motion
electrons; asymmetrical
- like water, have a positive end and a negative end Potential energy - stored energy
Example: water (H2O)
Chemical energy is a form of potential energy stored in
2. Nonpolar covalent bonds – equally shared,
chemical bonds.
symmetrical
- may require or release energy.
Less reactants that products = need energy
Hydrogen Bond
ADP + Pi + energy from food → ATP
- weaker bond
More reactants than products = release energy
- no exchange of electrons is involved
ATP → ADP + Pi + energy
labd
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller louise15. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
80461 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now