ISA Certified Arborist - Chapter 1
Tree biology - correct answer The study of structure and function of trees and the
relationship between them.
(pg 3)
Cells - correct answer Basic building blocks of structure
(plural)
(pg 3)
Mitosis - correct answer Process of cell division used to create new cells in plants.
Genetically identical.
(FCHP)
Differentiation - correct answer Process by which cells change their structure and
specialize in a particular function.
(pg 3)
Tissues - correct answer Cells grouped together with similar structure and function.
(plural)
(pg 3)
Organs - correct answer Organized tissues that provides a particular function to the
plant
(plural)
(pg 3)
Leaves, Stems, Roots, Flowers, Fruit - correct answer What are the 5 organs of a
tree:
Format answer in the form of:
______, _____, _____, _______, _____
(plural)
(pg 3)
Organs, Tissues, Specialized Cells, Differentiation, Mitosis - correct answer Trees are
composed of ______
Organs are made up of _______
Tissues are groups of ___________ ____
,Specialized Cells are created via _______________
Cells undergo Differentiation after they are created by the process of _______
Format answer in the form of:
______, _______, ___________ ____, _______________, _______
(plural)
(pg 3, FCHP)
Primary Growth - correct answer The type of growth occurring from Apical Meristems
(pg 3)
Primary Growth - correct answer The type of growth that results in the elongation of
shoots and roots
(pg 3)
Apical Meristem - correct answer The meristem located at the tip of a shoot or a root.
a.k.a. Primary Meristem
(singular)
(pg 4)
Secondary Growth - correct answer The type of growth occurring from secondary
meristems.
(pg 4)
Secondary Growth - correct answer The type of growth that results in the widening /
increase in diameter of stems, branches, and roots.
(pg 4)
Secondary Growth - correct answer The type of growth that produces the wood of
trees
(pg 3 & 4)
Secondary Meristem - correct answer The type of meristem that produces Secondary
Growth
a.k.a Lateral Meristem
(singular)
(pg 3 & 4)
Buds - correct answer House primary meristems in the shoots of a plant.
, Can be lateral or terminal. Can develop into a shoot or a flower
(plural)
(pg 4)
Stipules - correct answer Modified leaves (differing in function from true leaves) which
serve to protect the buds meristematic region and any developing shoot growth
(plural)
(FCHP)
Root Cap - correct answer Overlapping scales which help protect the apical meristem
of roots
(singular)
(pg 4)
Cambium - correct answer The first type of Secondary (lateral) Meristem
(pg 4)
Cambium - correct answer A thin sheath of dividing cells (region of mitosis) which
produces cells that specialize in making up the vascular system (vascular tissue) of the
plant.
(pg 4)
Cork Cambium - correct answer The second type of Secondary (lateral) Meristem
which produces the bark.
(pg 4)
Periderm - correct answer The bark of the tree.
Literally meaning "enclosing skin"
(pg 4)
Cellulose - correct answer The component of the cell wall that provides the cell with its
structure. It plays a large role in providing the framework of different types of cells.
(pg 4)
Lignin - correct answer Provides strength and rigidity to the cell walls of wood in a
tree. It helps allow the tree to grow so tall without collapsing in on itself from its own
weight.
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