Exam (elaborations)
ISA 365 Exam 1 Question and answers 100% correct 2023
- Course
- Institution
Exam of 6 pages for the course ISA at ISA (ISA 365 Exam 1)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Academia199
Reviews received
Content preview
ISA 365 Exam 1Statistic - correct answer - Describes a sample
x, s, s-squared
Parameter - correct answer -Describes a population
mu, sigma, sigma-squared
Four components to a distribution - correct answer -Test statistic, critical value, p-
value, and alpha-level
-Test statistic (calculated from data) defines the p-value (probability of getting a value at
least as extreme as the one we just observed)
-Critical value (cutoff value) defines the alpha level (sensitivity of the test)
-Want to compare test statistic and critical value and then compare p-value and alpha
level
The three main areas for quality control and improvement - correct answer -
Acceptance Sampling
-Statistical Process Control (SPC)
-Design of Experiments
*Less variability as you move from top to bottom
Acceptance Sampling - correct answer -Inspection and testing of a sample selected
at random (rarely used in modern applications unless it's a completely brand new
product)
-Items in a rejected lot are either scrapped, recycled, reworked or replaced with good
units
-No feedback into the production process that would lead to quality improvement
Statistical Process Control - correct answer -Includes control charts, monitoring,
image analysis, and other on-line quality tools
-Control chart with upper and lower control limits
-When sample averages are outside these limits, it is a signal of unusual sources of
variability are present and corrective action should be taken
-On-line method of monitoring output and detecting when changes in the inputs are
required to bring it back in control
-Passive statistical method - watch the process and wait for info that will lead to a useful
change
Design of Experiments (DoE) - correct answer -Usually considered an off-line control
tool, often used in R&D applications after specification limits have been clearly defined
-Discover key variables influencing the quality characteristics of interest; systematically
varies input factors to determine the effect they have on the output parameters
, -Active statistical method - systematically varies input factors to determine the effect
they have on the output parameters
- Considered off-line because they are often used during development
Observational Study - correct answer -Observe subjects and measure variables of
interest without assigning treatments
-The treatment that each subject receives is beyond the control of the investigator.
-Sometimes need to do this because an experiment would be unethical (like testing the
effects of smoking on people)
Prospective - correct answer Planning what you want to study and then collecting
data
Retrospective - correct answer Looking back on previously collected data to answer a
current question you have
Experiment - correct answer -Investigators apply treatments to experimental units
and then observe the effect of the treatments on the experimental units
-Since we are in control of experiments, we can make stronger inferences about the
nature of differences that (inferences about causation)
-Designed to minimize bias and so error in comparison is small
Treatments - correct answer -The different procedures we want to compare
-Factors that are applied to each unit
Experimental Units - correct answer -The things to which we apply the treatments
-Ask if you have groupings of the measurement units that have different treatments
applied (sometimes this doesn't exist)
Measurement Units - correct answer -The actual objects on which the response is
measured
-What am I measuring to get my response result (individual items)
Components of Good Experimental Design - correct answer - Avoids systematic error
- Is precise (minimize experimental error)
- Allows for estimation of error (for inference)
- Has broad validity (mindful of overfitting)
Systematic error - correct answer -Systematic error = situations where we could've
controlled for something had we been more careful (not just the natural variation)
-If you have too much systematic error, you are messing up the experimental error
portion
-Controlled through randomization
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Academia199. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79202 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now