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Summary Graad 10_Lewenswetenskappe [Biologie] Opsommings $10.26   Add to cart

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Summary Graad 10_Lewenswetenskappe [Biologie] Opsommings

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Ons Graad 10 Biologie [Lewenswetenskappe] Notastel is 'n kleurvolle, praktiese gids vir kwartaal 1 tot 4. Dit bevat alle notas wat nodig is om 'n suksesvolle afsluiting van die graad te bereik. Alle notas is duidelik georganiseer en maklik om te navigeer. Ons notastel is 'n uitstekende hulpmiddel o...

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  • August 16, 2023
  • 75
  • 2023/2024
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bIOLOGIE
[Lewenswetenskap]


1 © Noted Summaries [Graad 10 Biologie] www.notedsummaries.co.za

, CHEMIE VAN LEWE
ORGANIESE 9(
VERBINDINGS
→ koolstof (C), waterstof (H) & suurstof (O)

KOOLHIDRATE Z Atome van koolstof, waterstof & suurstof
Z HOOFFUNKSIE = verskaf energie aan lewende organismes


KLASSE:
1. MONOSAKKARIEDE
[ > eenvoudige / enkelsuikers (bv. glukose) = basiese eenhede]
TOETS : Benedict-oplossing / Fehling A & B oplossing [rooibruin]


2. DISAKKARIEDE
[ > verenig van enkelsuikers = dubbelsuikers (bv. sukrose) > TWEE
SUIKERS]
Bv. : Melk = laktose
Suikerriet = sukrose


GLUKOSE : FRUKTOSE: SUKROSE:




3. POLISAKKARIEDE
STYSELS:
Z Stoor energie in organismes : 100de glukosemolekules wat verbind is
Z Gestoor in PLANTSELLE > opgegaar in lewer & spiere
TOETS : jodiumoplossing = blouswart


SELLULOSE:
Z HOOFKOMPONENT van plantselwande [nie in diere]
Z Soortgelyke struktuur as stysel MAAR > kan nie verteer & energie
verkry nie > vorm VESEL / growwigheid in dieet
TOETS : Schultz-oplossing = pers


GLIKOGEEN:




LIPIEDE (VETTE) Z Koolstof , waterstof en suurstof [soms ook fosfor (P)]
TOETS : organiese oplosmiddels




2 © Noted Summaries [Graad 10 Biologie] www.notedsummaries.co.za

, BELANGRIKHEID [lipiede] = gaar energie op & maak selstrukture (bv.
selmembrane]


STRUKTUUR:
[vloeibaar / solied > afhangend van verbinding > gliserolmolekules &
lipiedmolekule]

GLISEROL 3 X VETSUUR




VERSADIGDE VETTE ONVERSADIGDE VETTE
> diere > plante
> solied (kamertemperatuur) > vloeibaar (kamertemperatuur)
Bv. varkvet & botter
> hoë bloedcholesterol &
hartsiektes
NUKLEÏENSUUR Z STIKSTOFHOUSENDE VERBINDINGS NUKLEÏENSUUR:
’n organiese verbinding wat die
elemente koolstof, waterstof,
FUNKSIE = beheer die struktuur + funksies suurstof, stikstof en fosfor bevat .
van ‘n sel ⇨Polinukleotied [DNA & RNA]
Twee soorte nukleïensure:
STRUKTUUR:
→ koolstof, waterstof, suurstof, stikstof & fosfor u deoksiribonukleïensuur
→ bestaan uit nukleotiede (DNS)
u ribonukleïensuur (RNS)

RNA / RNS DNA / DNS
→ nukleolus, sitoplasma & → kern
ribosome → berg oorerflike inligting
→ bou proteiene uit amoniosure
ENSIEME Z Proteiene wat as KATALISATORS optree
Z Katalisator [ → stof wat tempo van chemiese reaksie versnel]
[GEVOELIG VIR TEMPERATUUR EN pH-VLAKKE]

ROL [ensieme]:
Z Reguleer CHEMIESE REAKSIE in lewende selle
Z Verbind molekules & verbreek molekules
Z Sonder ensieme = metaboliese tempo te stadig vir oorlewing


HOE WERK ENSIEME?:
[“slot-en-sleutel-model”]




3 © Noted Summaries [Graad 10 Biologie] www.notedsummaries.co.za

, Z Ensieme = streek met spesifieke vorm [AKTIEWE STREEK];
substraatmolekule (ensiem inwerk) > vorm stem ooreen met
aktiewe streek [ensiem + substraat PAS INMEKAAR]
Z Ensiem & substraat > verbind = chemiese reaksie > produk /
resultaat = losgemaak van ensiem & kan dan WEER GEBRUIK WORD


GEVOELIG VIR TEMPERATUUR:
 temperatuur =  reaksietempo
Nog  temperatuur = vorm van aktiewe streek verander
[gedenatureer]
** ENSIEME KAN NIE FUNKSIONEER AS DIT GEDENATUREER IS NIE!



 temperatuur =  reaksietempo
[geen denatureer]

GEVOELIG VIR pH:
[pH → maatstaaf van hoe stuur / alkalies ‘n stof is]




** As die medium waarin die ensiem werk verander (te suur / alkalies)
= gedenatureer


ENSIEME [ALLERDAAGSE LEWE]:
Z Waspoeier > proteienverterende ensieme > vlekke word afgebreek
tot oplosbare molekules > oplossing van waspoeier + water oplos
Z Vervaardiging van produkte:
W Babakos : SPYSVERTERINGSENSIEM
W Bierbroubedryf : stysel → suiker (gisting)
W Rubberbedryf : ontwikkel suurstof uit peroksied > lateks
W Suiwelbedryf : SPYSVERTERINGSENSIEM
W Vrugtesap : afbreek van sellulose + pektien > verhelder
W Brood bak : afbreek van stysel in meel > gis produseer
koolstofdioksied > brood rys
PROTEÏENE Z Koolstof, waterstof, suurstof & stikstof (soms swael, fosfor &
yster)
[GEVOELIG VIR TEMPERATUUR EN pH-VLAKKE]

BELANGRIKHEID:
Z Selstrukture & funksionering [ensieme]
Z 50% van droë massa > vorm liggaamweefsel & -strukture




4 © Noted Summaries [Graad 10 Biologie] www.notedsummaries.co.za

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