NUR 180 module 1 E xam Questions With Correct Answers

potassium lab values - Answer 3.5-5.0 chloride lab values - Answer 98-106 sodium lab values - Answer 135-145 pH values - Answer 7.35-7.45 PCO2 values - Answer 35-45 HCO3 values - Answer 22-26 calcium lab values - Answer 8.5-10.5 phosphorus lab values - Answer 2.7-4.5 1st spacing - Answer normal ICF and ECF 2nd spacing - Answer abnormal ICF, edema 3rd spacing - Answer fluid is trapped in cavities, ascites, burn edema isotonic IV fluids - Answer LR, NS, D5W hypertonic IV fluid - Answer 3% NS, D10W, D20W, D50W hypotonic IV fluid - Answer 1/2 NS, 1/4 NS, 1/3 NS goes into cell fluid volume deficit - Answer decreased BP, increased HR, increased hematocrit and BUN, dec Na+ Treatment for FVD - Answer fluids (NS, LR), daily weights, strict I+Os, meds Fluid volume excess - Answer increase BP,decreased HR, increased weight, JVD, low HCT and BUN, increase Na+ Treatment for FVE - Answer diuretics (MANNITOL), fluid restrictions, Na restrictions, daily weights, monitor I+Os Potassium - Answer HEART, na/k pump controller, diet (banana, OJ, raisins, dried fruits, milk, veggies), lost through kidneys hyperkalemia - Answer kidney failure, acidosis, hypoxemia, K+ sparing diuretics. MURDER! kayexalate - Answer used for hyperkalemia, gets rid of excess potassium in blood. hypokalemia - Answer dysrthymias, weakness, N/V, paralytic illeus, decreased BP. NO IV PUSH! hypocalcemia - Answer convulsions, arrhythias, tetany, spasms, stridor. Trousseaus, Chvosteks. NEVER IM! hypermagnesium - Answer higher than 2.6, lethargy, N/V, decreased DTR, cardiac arrest. TX: increase fluids! hypomagnesium - Answer lower than 1/.6, muscle twitches, tachy, HTN, confusion, irritability. Kidneys job - Answer control F+E, acid-base balance, BP, filtration Acute Renal Failure - Answer sudden onset, typically reversible, decreased blood flow, decreased blood volume, or damage to kidneys nephrons. chronic renal failure - Answer slow onset, irreversible, chroinc glomerular disease, chronic infections, HTN, nephrotoxic drugs, diabetes mellitus Azotemia - Answer build up of nitrogen in the blood Most common cause of ARF - Answer ischemia, nephrotoxins 3 phases of ARF - Answer 1. prerenal 2. intrarenal 3. postrenal prerenal phase - Answer dec BP, dec volume, dec O2. Trauma, hemmorhage, burns, heart failure, sepsis. drop on GFR=drop in urine output. intrarenal phase - Answer damage directly to kidneys, glomerular/microvascular injury, acute tubular necrosis. increase in proteins can cause vessels to clot and cut off blood supply. post renal phase - Answer after the kidneys, obstruction of urine flow by BPH, stones, tumors, or injury. Acute Tubular Necrosis - Answer death of tubular cells= decline in renal function. ischemia lasting more than 2 hours. risk factors: ischemia, surgery, trauma, fluid loss. 3 phases of ATN - Answer 1. Initiation phase 2. Maintenance Phase 3. Recovery Phase initiation phase - Answer hours to days. hemorrhage, ends with tubular injury Maintenance phase - Answer GFR= down= low urine output. tubular necrosis. Recovery phase - Answer repair and maintenance, regeneration= increase urine output "diuresis" Most dramatic SX of ARF in younger adults - Answer marked oliguria ARF diagnostic tests - Answer Renal US, CT scan, IV pyelography, renal biopsy nursing care for ARF - Answer monitor I+O, vital signs, monitor nephrotoxins, restrict fluids, decrease protein increase carbs, daily weights. patient teaching ARF - Answer basics of RF, med teachings, avoid increase Na/K foods, daily weights, frequent rest. 3 formations of kidney stones - Answer 1. supersaturation - excess amount of salt in urine 2. nucleation- crystal forms from salt 3. lack of inhibitory substance types of kidney stones - Answer 1. calcium oxylate/calcium phosphate- 75-85% 2. struvite/staghorn- 15% 3. uric acid - gout patients 4/ crystine - 3% -genetic defect renal calculi - Answer urolithiasis, hydronephrosis contributions to stone formation - Answer urinary stasis/retention, immobility, dehydration, increased protein/K intake