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CMY3701 EXAM PACK.
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Exam of 203 pages for the course CMY3701 EXAM PACK 2023 at University of South Africa (CMY3701 EXAM PACK.)
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CMY3701 EXAM PACK 2023MASTER KYALO
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, Question 1
The main strength of the differential association theory is that it showed that
crime was not just a product of ___ but that it could occur in all settings.
learned behaviour
poverty
criminal attitudes
delinquency
Answer: The correct answer is 2
Refer: CMY3701 Study Guide, pg. 102
Reasoning: “The main strength of the theory of differential association,
according to Jones (2001:147), is that it showed that crime was not
just a product of poverty, but that it could occur in all settings,
ranging from slum areas to large business operations.”
Question 2
Discounting the existence of threatening impulses is called ___.
displacement.
denial.
determination. 4) sublimation.
Answer: The correct answer is 2
Refer: CMY3701 Study Guide, pg. 22
Reasoning: “DENIAL is simply discounting the existence of threatening impulses.
For example, a person with homosexual tendencies may vehemently
deny ever feeling any physical
attraction to a person of the same sex (Cassel & Bernstein,
2007:82).”
Question 3
Becker (1963) is of the opinion that deviant behaviour is a social product created
by:
1) Interactionism 2) Society 3) Labelling 4) Determinism
Answer: The correct answer is 2
Refer: CMY3701 Study Guide, pg. 124
, Reasoning: “The primary focus of Becker's study was to explain how a person is
labelled as an outsider. Deviant behaviour, according to Becker, is a
social product created by society. Whether a juvenile is therefore
labelled as deviant will depend on the reaction of other people to
the act, and not on the nature of the activity itself.”
Question 4
Which researchers indicated that there is moderate evidence of both genetic and
environmental influence in antisocial behaviour?
Christiansen and Lange
West and Farrington
Rhee and Waldman
Hutchings and Medwick
Answer: The correct answer is 3
Refer: CMY3701 Study Guide, pg. 35
Reasoning: “Rhee and Waldman (Jones, 2001:351) conducted an analysis of
twin and adoption studies. They concluded that there is moderate
evidence of both genetic and environmental influences in antisocial
behaviour.”
Question 5
The positivist school focuses on the nature and characteristics of ___.
the criminal event.
the individual offender
the criminal behaviour. 4) the situational factors.
Answer: The correct answer is 2
Refer: CMY3701 Study Guide, pg. 26
Reasoning: “The basic assumptions of positivism are highlighted by Bartollas
(2006:78) and White and Haines (2004:40-42):
• It is the character and personal backgrounds of individuals
that explain criminal behaviour. The focus of analysis is
therefore on the nature and characteristics of the offender,
rather than on the criminal act… “
Question 6
What, according to Lilly et al (2007), is the danger in rational choice theory?
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