Summary
Summary Chemical engineering
- Course
- Institution
Chemical engineering
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
gamalragab
Content preview
HyperconjugationIn chemistry, the term "hyperconjugation" refers to the delocalization of
electrons in a molecule through the overlap of a sigma bond and an
adjacent empty p orbital. This phenomenon occurs in compounds that have
a sigma bond adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond, a carbonyl group,
or a positive charge. Hyperconjugation can influence the stability and
reactivity of molecules, and it plays an important role in organic chemistry.
One example of hyperconjugation is the stabilization of alkyl cations. When
an alkyl group loses a proton to form a carbocation, the positive charge is
localized on the carbon atom. However, the adjacent carbon-carbon sigma
bond can donate electron density to the empty p orbital of the carbocation,
delocalizing the positive charge and making it more stable. This effect is
known as hyperconjugation stabilization, and it can greatly increase the
stability of carbocations.
Hyperconjugation can also affect the acidity of molecules. For example, in
the case of ethyl acetate, the alpha-hydrogen (the hydrogen atom on the
carbon adjacent to the carbonyl group) is more acidic than other hydrogens
in the molecule. This is because the hyperconjugation effect allows the
adjacent carbon-carbon sigma bond to donate electron density to the
carbonyl group, stabilizing the negative charge that forms on the oxygen
atom when the alpha-hydrogen is deprotonated.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller gamalragab. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.85. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79373 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now