Summary A-level History AQA Russia - Nicholas II and opposition + dumas ALL NOTES
49 views 0 purchase
Course
Unit 1 - Change and Consolidation (1H)
Institution
AQA
Notes that got me my A* in history A-level
In depth analysis of opposition under Nicholas II in Tsarist Russia, Stolypin's role, the Dumas, Socialist Revolutionaries and Democrats, Liberals, Russo Japanese War - 40 Pages long notes
State of opposition from 1906-1914 (Waller 99-100)
○ The moderate liberal opposition was largely appeased by the tsarist concessions in 1905-06 and tried to co-operate with the Duma
system, in the hope of further constitutional evolution
○ There was no single, strong opposition among the nationalities after 1905
○ Apart from the Poles and Finns, none wanted outright independence
■ In the case of Ukrainians and Belarusians: a combination of policies of assimilation and repression enjoyed success, delaying the
emergence of an ethnic consciousness
○ The revolutionary SR and SD parties were weakened by the exile of their leaders after 1905, as well as by the damaging split within the
Social Democratic Workers' Party and the rivalry between the SDs and SRs
○ Ideological divisions within the parties were compounded by disagreements over the appropriate response to the 1905 defeat and the
use parties should make of the 'legal' opportunities to work in and through the Duma
○ They also suffered from the activities of the Secret Police network whose agents were very effective in smashing revolutionary cells
○ The industrial depression from 1907, the lack of finance, and a shortage of secret printing presses made organisation difficult and none of
the exiled leaders, including Lenin, exercised effective control over their parties within Russia
○ Membership declined and neither SRs nor SDs succeeded in establishing national, regional or even all-city organisations
○ At best, they maintained an 'underground' organisation in individual factories and workshops, where the leaders were local labour
activists
○ Ideological differences that absorbed the attention of their leaders in exile
○ Revival in Bolshevik fortunes in 1912-14
○ They succeeded in taking over many legal labour institutions in both St Petersburg and Moscow from the Mensheviks
○ Gained six workers' deputies in elections to the 4th Duma
○ Their newspaper, Pravada (the Truth) was launched in April 1912 – enjoyed a much higher circulation than the Menshevik Luch (the Ray)
● However:
○ The growing support for Bolshevik ideals was limited
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller chloeshao. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.38. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
