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Summary OCR A Level History: French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon (chpt 3&4)
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OCR A Level History: French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon (chpt 2)
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French RevolutionChapters 3 & 4
,Events
Napoleon's Reign (A2)
Directory inagurated - November 1795
Napoleon appointed commander of Italy - March 1796
Treaty of Campo Formio with Austria - October 1797
Napoleon's Egyptian campaign - May 1798
War of the Second Coalition - 1799
Brumaire coup, Napoleon took power- November 1799
Failed assassination attempt on Napoleon - 1800
Napoleon won Battle of Marengo - June 1800
Concordat with Pope - July 1801
Britain declared war on France, start of Napoleonic Wars, War of the Third Coalition - 1802
Civil Code promulgated - 1802
Constitution of Year X , Napoleon becomes First consul for Life – 1802
Peace of Amiens - end of Revolutionary Wars - 1802
Tribunate purged for opposing the Civil Code - 1802
Execution of Duc d'Enghien - 1804
Napoleon is crowned Emperor - December 1804
Third Coalition Formed - 1805
Naval defeat at Trafalgar - October 1805
Napoleon is crowned King of Italy - December 1805
Napoleon wins Battle of Austerlitz - December 1805
War of the Fourth Coalition - 1806
Creation of the Confederation of Rhine - July 1806
Napoleon defeated Prussians at the battle of Jena - October 1806
Napoleon defeated Russians at the Battles of Eylau and Friedland - 1807
Napoleonic Code introduced in Europe - 1807
Creation of Kingdom of Westphalia and Duchy of Warsaw - July 1807
Treaty of Tilsit - July 1807
Peninsular War began - 1808
Austrian Campaign - 1809
Napoleon suffered his first defeat at Aspern - 1809
War of the Fifth Coalition - 1809
Napoleon defeated Austrains at the Battle of Wagram - July 1809
Napoleon divorced Josephine and married Marie-Louise of Austria - 1810
Britain and the USA at war - 1812
Napoleon invades Russia (Start of Russian Campaign) - June 1812
Retreat from Moscow begins - October 1812
Sixth Coalition Formed - 1813
Napoleon defeated at Battle of Leipzig - October 1813
First Bourbon Restoration - 1814
Napoleon exiled to Elba - 1814
Treaty of Chaumont, Paris surrenders (formal alliance of the great powers - Austria, Britain, Russia
and Prussia) - March 1814
Napoleon abdicates - April 1814
First Treaty of Paris - May 1814
Congress of Vienna Opened - November 1814
Napoleon's escape from Elba, beginning of Hundred Days - February 1815
Battle of Waterloo - June 1815
Napoleon abdicates again, leaving Louis XVIII as King of France- June 1815
Second Bourbon Restoration - June 1815
The career of Bonaparte: early life and character
,
, His military leadership and reasons for success to 1799 including Toulon, the Italian Campaign,
Egypt, the weakness of the Thermidorian regime and the coup of Brumaire in 1799
Why did Napoleon come to power in 1799?
Luck
Personal skills
Help of others
Opportunities of the Revolution
Weaknesses of established generals / the Directory
Toulon
Seige of Toulon:
Federal Revolt response to unpopular Jacobin government throughout 1793, involved
breakaways from central government e.g. Lyon and Marseilles
February 1793 – Toulon revolt leads to British control of key port, Seige established by
General Carteaux – doesn’t really get anywhere as they can get supplies from the sea via the
navy
September – Napoleon offered chance to replace injured artillery officer at Toulon by friend
and senior representative in mission as well as a fellow Corsican Saliceti. Thanks in large part
due to the flight of the emigres’
Napoleon arrives with energy and launches a fierce attack on British fort on one end of the
port defending the port before directing his guns on the British navy, successfully captures
the port– marks himself as a good military man and is hailed as a hero
Consequences of Toulon
His skill with artillery marked himself out as a skilled military commandeer
Brought him to the attention of a number of powerful men in Paris – he successfully crushed
the counter revolution in the port
His role in the siege brought him promotion to Brigadier General and appointed commander
of the Artillery of Italy
Napoleon, Paris and the Terror
After the Coup of Thermidor Napoleon was arrest due to his friendship with the Robespierre
brothers, being an outspoken Jacobin himself
He is saved by the intervention of Saliceti
The Vendemiaire Uprising – 1795
Causes:
Following the overthrow of the Jacobins, there was a return to a less extreme system of
government - 1795 a new more moderate constitution was adopted which aimed to secure
the position of the bourgeoisie over all other groups in political life of the nation
This had been achieved in the following ways:
o Ensuring that political power was in the hands of the propertied classes who paid
high levels of taxes
o Heading up the government with an executive of five Directors
o Having a two-chamber legislature comprising from Councils of Five Hundred and a
Council of Ancients
These arrangements were intended to prevent a dictatorship as no single person or body
could control the state – new system was characterized by a series of conflicts and disputes
– failed to deal with the deep divisions in French society that were a legacy of the early
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