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S.no Property Gaseous state Liquid state Solid state
It has definite It has definite
It has definite
mass but no mass and volume
1 General mass, volume and
definite shape and but no definite
shape
volume shape
Weaker than those
2 Forces Almost negligible Strongest
in solids
3 Density Lowest Lower than solids Highest
Molecules have
No translatory or
large rotatory, Molecules have
rotatory motion.
4 Motion vibratory and vibratory and
Possess vibratory
translatory translatory motion
motion
motions
Less closely Molecules closely
5 Packing No proper packing
packed packed
Kinetic
States of Matter
6 Highest Moderate Negligible
Energy
Thermal
7 Highest Higher than solid Least
Expansion
1.
, S.no Property Gaseous state Liquid state Solid state
Slightly higher Least
8 Compression Highest
than solid compressibile
Spontaneous but Intermixing is
9 Intermixing Spontaneous
slow least
Exert pressure
10 Pressure on the walls of Negligible Negligible
container
Instruments for pressure Calculations :
Pressure :
Pressure of a gas is defined as the force
exerted by the gas on unit area of the walls
of vessel. It is often observed that pressure
is isotropic i.e it is the same in all the three
directions. Rack your Brain
Atmospheric pressure is
measured at sea level. What is
the reason behind this?
Concept Ladder
Any gaseous state is
characterized by sensitivity
of volume change with
change of pressure and
States of Matter
temperature.
2.
, force Rack your Brain
Pressure =
area
Mg V
g Does the volume of solid and
P
A A liquid depend on pressure?
Barometer :
A
h
g
Pressure , [ A = Area ]
A
Manometer :
Pgas = Patm + hrg
where,
r = density of fluid
h = vertical height
g = acceleration due to gravity Concept Ladder
Gas law :
Experimental Gas laws
The gases following these
It is the only state that allows a quantitative
laws generally exist at
relationship between the four variables, P,
lower value of pressure.
States of Matter
V, T & n. The relationship which connects the
four variables is known as equation of state,
which can be obtained experimentally from
the following gas laws.
3.
, y Boyle’s law :
Pressure (P) of a given mass of gas varies Rack your Brain
inversely to its volume (V), at constant
temperature. Air at sea level is dense. This is
a practical application of which
law?
Previous Year’s Questions
At 25°C and 730 mm pressure, 380
1 mL of dry oxygen was collected.
y P∝ [T, being constant]
V If the temperatured is constant,
PV = K what volume will the oxygen
Where K is a proportionally constant occupy at 760 mm pressure?
y log P + log V = constant [AIPMT]
P1V1 = P2V2 (1) 569 mL (2) 365 mL
(3) 265 mL (4) 621 mL
Applications of Boyle’s Law:
y Storage of gas,
y Scuba diving or deep water diving
y The mechanics of human breathing
y Spray Paint
y Working of syringe
Q1 What is the volume of a sample of oxygen at a pressure of 3.5 bar if its vol-
ume at 1 bar is 3.15 L at the same temperature?
Sol. Here, P1 = 1 bar, P2 = 3.5 bar, V1 = 3.15 L, V2 = ?
From Boyle’s law equation P1V1 = P2V2, we get
States of Matter
P1V1 1.00 bar
3.15 L
V2 0.90 L
P2 3.5 bar
4.
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