PSIO 201 Exam 2 The Skeletal System Rated 100% Correct!!

List and describe the functions of the skeletal system - support, protection, mineral storage, triglyceride storage, assistance in movement, red and white blood cell formation What are the two divisions of the skeletal system and give examples - Axial, the trunk and skull of the body, and appendicular, the arms, legs, pelvic and pectoral girdles Describe the classification of bones based on shape, giving examples of each type - Long bone (humerus) Flat bone (sternum) Short bone (carpals) Irregular bone (vertebra) Sesamoid bone (patella) Sutural bone Describe the anatomy of a long bone - Covered in periosteum, has proximal and distal epiphyses covered in articular cartilage, middle portion known as diaphysis, has proximal and distal metaphyses, has spongy bone in epiphyses, medullary cavity contains red and yellow marrow List and describe the functions of the four cell types found in bone - Osteogenic cells - develop into osteoblasts and are stem cells formed from mesenchyme Osteoblasts - make bone and initiate calcification Osteocytes - maintains bone tissue Osteoclasts - break down bone, derived from myeloid stem cells Discuss modeling and remodeling of bone - bone modeling is the process by which new bone is made by osteoblasts, happens during growth bone remodeling occurs when bone is first resorbed by osteoclasts and then reformed in the same location by osteoblasts, happens throughout lifeList the steps of bone remodeling - Activation Resorption Reversal Formation Quiescence (takes 4 months)