This summary document provides all crucial infomration for the exam of Introduction to Tourism. All weeks are provided with detailed summaries from books, lectures and seminars.
Tourism vs. Recreation
- Go to other destinations outside - Activity done for enjoyment when one
your surroundings is not working
- New destinations far away - Near distance, day trips, experiencing new things
- Trips, experiencing new things, - Very often open air activities
overnights stays
- No more than one consecutive year
- Not paid by any government
→ Contributing aspect to mass tourism
- Industrialization and urbanisation
- Buying power development
- Leisure time
- Transport possibilities, facilities and communication
→ Thomas Cook--» first pioneer of modern tourism
- 1841: First holiday by Cook
- 1851: First public travel agency
- 1855: First trips outside England then in 1869 trip to Egypt
- 1872: First global trip guided by Cook
- 2019: Bankrupt die to strategy and mismanagement
→ Core aspects of Tourism
Components Conditions
- Transport - Leisure time
- Accommodation - Money
- Entertainment - Information
TRAVELLER
Industry - Individuals
- Target group
- Segment
- Generation
Destination Traveller - Consumer
- Special interest groups
- Lifestyle groups
- Social communities
, INDUSTRY DESTINATION
- Countries
- Entrepreneuers
- Regions
▪ Tourism accommodation - Cities
▪ Attractions - Attractions & Theme parks
▪ Theme parks - Countryside
▪ Tour operators - Man-made landscapes
▪ Research and consultancy
▪ Travel agencies
- Governmental organisations
▪ State departments
▪ Regions, cities
- Educational and Research (Ex.: BUas)
- Organisations (Non-profit)
▪ Landscape management organisations
▪ Industry associations
▪ Destination Management organisations (Ex.: NBTC)
→ Buying decision process/ Customer Journey
1. Problem recognition --» need, for ex.: where to go?
2. Information search --» search on certain platforms or talk to friends where they went
3. Evaluation of alternatives --» for ex.: should we go to Spain or Italy
4. Purchase decision --» prices, booking and emails
5. Post purchase decision --» when we return, looking back on the holiday, and would we
recommend it to others
→ Maslow's pyramid
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory by Abraham Maslow, which puts forward that people are
motivated by five basic categories of needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-
actualization.
- Maslow's pyramid proposes that human needs can be organized into a hierarchy in order to
understand better what motivates human beings. This hierarchy ranges from more concrete needs
such as food and water to more abstract ones like self-fullfilment. According to Maslow, when a
lower need is met the next one on the pyramid will become our focus of attention.
, - According to Maslow, we have five categories of needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-
actualization.
- In this theory, higher needs in the hierarchy begin to emerge when people feel they have sufficiently
satisfied the previous need.
- Although later research does not fully support all of Maslow’s theory, his research has impacted
other psychologists and contributed to the field of positive psychology.
→ Tourism system
→ Tourism types:
- Domestic tourism --» when you don't leave your country
- Inbound tourism --» ex: Dutch going to Germany with a Dutch perspective
- Outbound tourism --» ex.: Germans coming to Holland with a German perspective
1. Introduction to Tourism: Themes, concepts and issues
Leisure Recreation Tourism
Time, activities and experience Activities undertaken in one's Travel to a destination which
derived/characterized by freedom leisure time leading to renewal incorporates leisure and recreation
to spend one's free time activities
→ Methodology to understand tourism--» system of approach --» simplify the real world complexity of
tourism
- System approach highlights the importance of:
▪ The tourist, destination, the integral relationships in the overall tourist experience, the effect
of transportation problems on travellers perceptions, the tourist's requirement for safe reliable
and efficient modes of transport and service provision
→ A tourism system is a framework which embodies the entire tourist experience of travelling
→ Tourism is a multidisciplinary area of study
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