Revision Powerpoint on Organic chemistry OCR chemistry A level 2015
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Course
A2 Unit F324 - Rings, Polymers and Analysis
Institution
OCR
Revision powerpoint giving in depth notes on the topic. Can be printed with 2-4 slides a page and cut out to form a mini revision booklet. Every page is very colourful.
33 slides
, Organic chemicals
Why are there so many organic compounds?
1. Carbon forms stable, covalent bonds with other
carbon atoms
2. Carbon atoms can form bonds with other
carbon atoms to make chains and rings
3. Form stable bonds with other elements, such
as O, N which confers many new physical
properties on organic compounds
4. Form double or triple bonds with:
• Other carbons ( double/triple)
• Oxygen (double)
• Nitrogen (double/triple)
, definitions
a family of organic chemicals with
the same functional group but with each successive
member differing only by a CH₂ unit.
the part of an organic molecule
responsible for its chemical properties. A saturated
hydrocarbon chain has little chemical reactivity. Hence
the chemical reactions of organic compounds are
determined by the functional group. Molecules with the
same functional group react in similar ways.
Test to distinguish between General formula
saturated and unsaturated Alkene (aliphatic) CnH₂n
compounds Alkane CnH₂n+2
add bromine water. When bromine
water is added to an alkane
Alcohol CnH₂n+1OH
nothing happens, but when added Carboxylic acid
to an alkene the solution CnH₂n+1COOH
decolourises. cycloalkanes CnH₂n-₂
, Naming organic chemicals
Hydrocarbons- carbons composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms e.g.
• Methane CH₄ (CH₄)
• Ethane CH₃CH₃ (C₂H₆)
• Propane CH₃CH₂CH₃ (C₃H₈)
Saturated hydrocarbons- a hydrocarbon containing only single bonds
Unsaturated hydrocarbon- a hydrocarbon containing carbon-carbon
double bonds
Aliphatic hydrocarbons- a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together
in straight (unbranched) chains or branched chains e.g. butane
There are 3 homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons-
• Alkanes (C-C)
• Alkenes (C=C)
• Alkynes (C≡C)
Alicyclic hydrocarbon- a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together
in a ring structure e.g. cyclopentane
Aromatic hydrocarbon- a structure that contains at least 1
benzene ring
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